抗蒸腾型叶面肥对植物叶水势影响的研究  

Research on the Impact of the Anti-transpirant Type Foliar Fertilizer to the Plant Leaf Water Potential

作　　者：李文斌[1] 郭建斌[1] 张旭[1] 曹晓霞[1] 柳红[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京海策工程咨询有限公司,北京100055

出　　处：《亚热带水土保持》2010年第3期11-15,共5页Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑专题-"困难立地工程造林新材料;新产品及应用技术"(2006BAD03A0301)

摘　　要：2009年6月于北京鹫峰国家森林公园,采用PSYPRO露点水势仪连续4个月测定分析了黄土高原干旱半干旱地区主要造林树种叶水势与其他因素（肥料、树种、喷施浓度、土壤含水量等）之间的影响作用。本试验以黄土高原干旱半干旱地区造林中主要采用的生态经济型树种山杏（Prunus sibirica）、杨树（Populus）、核桃（Juglans regia）为研究对象,以自制的抗蒸腾叶面肥、市场上已推广施用的叶面肥以及清水对照为主要依据,运用正交试验探讨自制肥料在提高植物叶水势值方面的效果,比较各树种在不同土壤含水量和喷施浓度处理下叶水势的日变化进程趋势和波幅。研究结果表明：清水处理条件下山杏和杨树叶水势全天波幅能维持在较低的范围内（分别为1.12Mpa和1.19Mpa）,有高水势延迟脱水的抗旱机理表现,而核桃在清水处理条件下的叶水势日波动幅度最大,全天波幅高达1.59Mpa,显示出低水势忍耐脱水的耐旱机理,即其叶组织抗脱水能力较强。最终研究结果证明山杏或核桃、自制叶面肥A、稀释800~1 200倍、土壤含水量为12%~22%时对提高植物叶水势值效果最为明显。In order to study the effect of the main afforestation tree species at the arid and semi arid areas on leaf water potential and other factors（fertilizer,tree species,spray concentration,moisture,etc.）,the measurement has been conducted by using PSYPRO Dew Point Microvolmete from June to September 2009 at Jiufeng National Forest Park in Beijing.In this experiment,it has been taken the Prunus sibirica,Populus and Juglans regia in arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau region as the main objects for study,and the self-made anti-transpiration foliar fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer applied on the market together with the water control as the main basis.The essay discussed the effects of the self-made fertilizers on the improvement of the plant leaf water potential by using the orthogonal test,comprising the daily change trend and amplitude of the leaf water potential of various tree species under the conditions of different soil moisture and spraying concentration treatment.The results show that,under clear water conditions,the volatility of leaf water potential throughout the day of Prunus sibirica and Populus maintained within the lower range（1.12Mpa and 1.19Mpa respectively）,with the high potentials to postpone dehydration mechanism of drought resistance.While the daily fluctuations of Juglans regia leaf water potential under the condition of clear water treatment,showed the largest amplitude as high as 1.59Mpa and low water potential of drought-tolerance mechanism of dehydration,that the leaves tissue have the high ability to resist water escaping.The final study results show that best formulation is Prunus sibirica or Juglans regia ＋ self made A＋ 800-1200 times diluted ＋ 12%-22% soil moisture.

关 键 词：叶水势 正交试验 叶面肥 喷施浓度 土壤含水量 

分 类 号：Q948.112.3[生物学—植物学]