金佛山银杏的调查研究  

Studies on the Ginkgo at the Jinfoshan Mountain

作　　者：李建文 刘正宇[1,2] 谭杨梅 任明波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]林业部生态环境监测总站 [2]重庆市药物种植研究所

出　　处：《林业科学研究》1999年第2期197-201,共5页Forest Research

基　　金：关于三峡库区陆生野生动植物监测项目

摘　　要：从考查人类活动、生态环境，调查古老的银杏树、银杏林等方面论证金佛山是第三纪孑遗植物的避难所，保存了自然界残留的野生银杏原始类群。４０年代初期，金佛山几乎由森林覆盖，生长５０００多种植物，为野生银杏繁衍提供了优越条件。现在金佛山有树龄数百年至千年以上银杏古树３００多株。这些树主干明显，树体高大，一般高２０ｍ，最高５０ｍ，最大单株冠幅占地０．１３ｈｍ２；胸径１ｍ以上的大树有７０多株，２ｍ以上的８株；树龄超过千年的有１０株以上。２５００年生的“银杏皇后”，此树５０年代时围径１１．６ｍ。还有小片银杏天然林。野生银杏的类型多样，包含着丰富的种质基因。这些银杏生长地区的海拔最低是４７０ｍ，最高１５２０ｍ，以海拔８００～１３００ｍ最多。建议对现有银杏林作为核心自然保护区严格保护，维护其原生状态；对散生大银杏古树，政府应设专人妥善保护。Jinfoshan Mountain,the haven for the relics of the Tertiary Period,preserves natural primitive community of the wild ginkgo.It is a vast stretches of forest at the beginning of 1940s with over 5 000 plant species.The ground is covered with forest and provies favourable conditions for the reproduction of wild ginkgo.There are over 300 old ginkgoes at the Jinfoshan Mountain which are of hundreds to over one thousand years old.These trees have distinct trunk,high and large crown,generally 20 m high or so,the highest 50 m,the largest crown about 0.13 hm2.There are over 70 huge trees with diameter over 1 m,8 trees with diameter over 2 m.More than 10 trees are over 1 000 years old.There is also an old ginkgoGinkgo Empress which is 2 500 years old,with chest measurement 11.6 m in 1950s.There are still small tracks of natural ginkgo forest.The wild ginkgo has varied types and contains rich genes.These ginkgoes grow on the mountain at about 4701 520 m above sea level,mostly 8001 300 m.

关 键 词：银杏 原始类群 金佛山 调查 生态 

分 类 号：S792.950.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S[农业科学—林学]