青年急性心肌梗死患者的临床特点及护理对策  

Clinical Characteristics and Nursing of Young Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

作　　者：郭晓岚[1] 卢少平[1] 吴学勤[1] 金葵花[1] 问芳芳[1] 汤雁玲[1] 刘伟宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学唐都医院心内科,陕西西安710038

出　　处：《护理学报》2010年第18期29-31,共3页Journal of Nursing（China）

摘　　要：目的探讨青年急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者的临床特点及护理对策。方法对<45岁的57例青年AMI患者与同期年龄≥45岁的202例中老年AMI患者就其冠心病的高危因素、诱因、症状、冠状动脉造影的特点、心电图特点等进行对比分析。结果两组患者AMI临床特点比较,青年组吸烟率高于中老年组,高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病在中老年组中占主导地位;青年组以胸痛为主要表现,且发病前诱发因素多;青年组以单支病变为主,中老年组以单支、双支病变为主;青年组阵发性室性心动过速、室性颤动发生率明显高于中老年组;中老年组心源性休克、心力衰竭的发生率、病死率高于青年组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论对于青年人群应大力倡导戒烟、控烟,加强健康教育,促进健康行为,减少过度劳累、大量饮酒等AMI诱发因素,对于青年AMI患者早期识别恶性心律失常,降低青年AMI的发生率及死亡率。Objective To discuss clinical characteristics and nursing strategies of young patients with acute myocardial infarction（AMI）.Methods 57 patients with AMI younger than 45 years old and 202 patients with AMI older than 45 years old were taken as research objective.Comparisons were made among high risk factors,incentives,symptoms,characteristics of coronary arteriography and ECG.Results Young patients smoked more than middle and old aged patients did,while hyperlipoidemia,high pressure,diabetes were more frequently seen in middle and old aged patients.Chest pain,single vessel disease,paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia,and ventricular fibrillation were major symptoms in young patients.Double vessels disease,cardiac shock,incidence and death rate of heart failure occurred more frequently in middle and old aged patients.There were all of statistical significances of the differences（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）.Conclusion Quitting smoke or controlling smoke,enhancing health education,reducing overstrain and overdrinking are all helpful to prevent AMI among young people.Malignant arrhythmia should be identified among young patients with AMI to reduce incidence and death rate of AMI.

关 键 词：青年患者 急性心肌梗死 临床特点 护理 

分 类 号：R541[医药卫生—心血管疾病]