《春秋》与“義”:“義”的文化渊源及内涵之探  

The Spring and Autumn Annals and "Yi":An Inquiry into the Cultural Origin and Connotation of "Yi"

作　　者：谭佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《百色学院学报》2010年第3期13-20,共8页JOURNAL OF BAISE UNIVERSITY

基　　金：2009年中国社会科学院重大课题"中华文明探源的神话学研究"

摘　　要：虽然《春秋》全文并无"義"字,但"三传"通过阐释《春秋》之"義",正好衔接了"義"在此前后的文化内涵,将本来仅是针对"天-王"关系的"義"扩展到"天-王-诸侯-大臣"、"中国-蛮夷"的维度。孟子和其他战国思想家又进一步将其扩展到君子修养和普通个体的心性使用层面,"義"成为一个重要的伦理道德性范畴。这种衔接并非巧合,"義"之所以成为阐释《春秋》的核心,其根本原因就在于《春秋》的文本性质与功能具有"義"的原始发生内涵与指代功能:"義"将"羊"置于"我"之上,它表征出王权的神圣性、仲裁性,以及神灵监督王权的合法性。《春秋》包含了天与时政纲领的依赖关系,以及天与君王及大臣的责任关系。它既能表征出王权的神圣性,又能监督王权的合法性。"神"与"王"的神圣关系、史官记事对"王"的监督功能是"義"和《春秋》内在相通的契合点。历来阐释《春秋》者无不从"義"字着眼,这不是偶然,而是间接地旁证了《春秋》的巫史性和文化功能。There is no ＂Yi＂ （righteousness） in The Spring and Autumn Annals, but the inter- pretations of ＂Yi＂ by the ＂Three Annals＂ link fore-and-aft cultural connotation of this character. And by these interpretations, the relationship between the heaven and the king is extended to the re- lationship among the heaven, the king, the duke, and the minister, and also the relationship between China and the barbarians. Mencius and other thinkers in the Warring States Period furthered such relations to those between gentleman cultivation and common individual nature. Thus ＂Yi＂ became an important ethic and moral category. The basic reason why ＂Yi＂ become the core of interpreting The Spring and Autumn Annals lies in that the textual nature and function of The Spring and Autumn Annals have original connotation and referent function of ＂Yi＂ ：＂Yi＂ is characterized by royal sanctity,arbitration,as well as the legitimacy of divine＇s supervising the king＇s right. The Spring and Autumn Annals shows the dependence of political program from the heaven, and the responsibility relation between the heaven and the king and his ministers. Scholars always interpret The Spring and Autumn Annals from the perspective of the character ＂Yi＂. This is not accidental. It indirectly proves the historicity of witchcraft and cultural function of The Spring and Autumn Annals.

关 键 词：《春秋》 春秋大义 巫史性 

分 类 号：H028[语言文字—语言学]