嫁接对铜胁迫下黄瓜根际土壤微生物特性和酶活性的影响  

Effects of grafting on cucumber rhizospheric soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities under copper stress.

作　　者：张自坤[1,2,3] 张宇[1] 黄治军[1] 刘素慧[1] 刘世琦[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]农业部园艺作物生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第9期2317-2322,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：山东农业大学青年科技创新基金项目(23653)资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验方法,研究了嫁接(以黑籽南瓜为砧木)对铜胁迫下黄瓜根际土壤微生物生物量、微生物种群数量和土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:铜胁迫下黄瓜根际土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量显著下降,基础呼吸和代谢熵显著上升,但嫁接黄瓜根际土壤MBC和MBN含量显著高于自根黄瓜,而基础呼吸和代谢熵则显著低于自根黄瓜.铜胁迫下,根际土壤放线菌和自生固氮菌的数量显著下降,真菌数量显著上升,而细菌数量变化不显著;嫁接黄瓜根系土壤细菌、放线菌、自生固氮菌的数量显著高于自根黄瓜,而真菌数量显著低于自根黄瓜.嫁接黄瓜根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性在铜胁迫下显著高于自根黄瓜.试验结果证明嫁接使铜胁迫下黄瓜根际土壤微生物环境和酶活性得到了改善和提高,从而提高了黄瓜植株对铜胁迫的抵抗力.A pot experiment with cucumber（taking Cucurbita ficifolia B.as the rootstock） was conducted to study the effects of grafting on the microbial population,microbial biomass,and enzyme activities in rhizospheric soil under copper stress.Under the stress of copper,the microbial biomass C and N in grafted and self-rooted cucumber rhizospheric soils all decreased significantly,while the basal respiration and metabolic quotient were in adverse.In grafted cucumber rhizospheric soil,the microbial biomass C and N were significantly higher than those in self-rooted cucumber rhizospheric soil,whereas the basal respiration and metabolic quotient were significantly lower.Under copper stress,the quantities of actinomyces and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in rhizospheric soils decreased and that of fungi increased significantly,whereas the quantity of bacteria had less change.In grafted cucumber rhizospheric soil,the quantities of bacteria,actinomyces,and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were significantly higher than those in self-rooted cucumber rhizospheric soil,but the quantity of fungi was in opposite.The urease,phosphatase,sucrase,and catalase activities were significantly higher in grafted than in self-rooted cucumber rhizospheric soil.All the results suggested that grafting could mitigate the impact of copper stress on the microbial micro-environment and enzyme activities in cucumber rhizospheric soil,and as a result,improve the adaptability of cucumber to copper stress.

关 键 词：嫁接 铜胁迫 根际 土壤微生物 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S154[农业科学—园艺学]