雪冰中汞的研究进展  

Progress in the Study of Mercury in Snow and Ice

作　　者：康世昌[1,2] 黄杰[1,3] 张强弓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原环境变化与地表过程重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2010年第8期783-793,共11页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"青藏高原纳木错流域多环境介质中大气重金属污染物记录的集成研究"(编号:40830743)和"青藏高原中部各拉丹冬冰芯中大气重金属记录研究"(编号:40771187);中国科学院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室自主研究课题"中国冰冻圈生物地球化学循环及其环境效应"(编号:SKLCS-ZZ-2008-01);开放基金项目"青藏高原大气环境和雪冰气候环境记录研究"(编号:SKLCS09-06)资助

摘　　要：汞是具有特殊物理化学性质的重金属元素,其较强的挥发性使之能够参与全球尺度传输,汞的高毒性又能对人类和高等生物体产生极大危害,因而汞是一种全球性污染物,在近几十年来备受科学界的关注。汞的全球生物地球化学循环演化规律是目前环境科学领域的研究热点。冰冻圈是地球系统的关键组成部分之一,是各圈层相互作用的重要环节;而雪冰是冰冻圈的主体,是环境和气候记录的良好载体之一。对南极、北极和中低纬高海拔冰川现代雪冰和冰芯中汞的季节变化、空间差异以及历史变化的研究成果进行了综述,总结了北极和亚北极地区汞的雪/气界面过程研究,归纳了汞的实验室检测手段和方法。针对该领域目前研究上的空白和热点,分别对利用冰芯高分辨率和长时间序列记录重建工业革命以来汞的变化历史(特别在青藏高原)、中低纬冰川区汞的雪/气界面过程、雪冰中汞的同位素分析等进行了展望。Because of its high toxic property and capability of long-distance transport,mercury has been recognized as a global pollutant and is among the most concerned heavy metals within the natural environment in recent decades.The global biogeochemistry cycling of mercury has received considerable attention and has been a hot topic in environmental science for years,The cryosphere is one of the key components of the Earth System,and also is itself a key component of the climate system,therefore playing a significant role in interaction among other spheres.Snow and ice are the most important components of the cryosphere and they represent excellent archives of climatic and environmental changes.Therefore,studying behaviors of mercury in the past and present snow/ice is of significance for understanding the global biogeochemical cycling of mercury.In this paper,previous studies regarding seasonal and spatial variations of mercury concentrations in present snow/ice and the history of mercury research in ice cores over the past several decades were reviewed.Studies of snow-air exchange of mercury in Arctic and sub-Arctic environments are summerized,and progress of methods for mercury measurement was presented.We suggested that several aspects should be highlighted in the future studies on merany in snow and ice,reconstruction historical records of mercur changes using ice cores（particularly from Tibetan Plateau） are highly recommended.Additionally,studies regarding behaviors of snow-air exchange of mercury in mid-latitude and low-latitude glaciers as well as the potential application of mercury isotopes to snow/ice research are recommended.

关 键 词：雪冰 汞 北极 南极 山地冰川 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]