厦门市有毒有害作业工人职业健康监护分析  

Occupational Health Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Toxic Environment in Xiamen City

作　　者：张兰[1] 陈敏[1] 蔡文娟[1] 陈长会[1] 李晓宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省厦门市疾病预防控制中心,361021

出　　处：《职业与健康》2010年第20期2281-2285,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析厦门市职业健康监护工作和职业病发病的特点,为厦门市职业病防治决策提供依据。方法对该市2006—2009年职业健康监护和职业病发病状况进行描述性研究。①分析厦门市不同行业、规模、危害因素的健康监护资料。②分析2006—2009年受检率变化和职业病构成,同时分析尘肺的发病状况。结果①2009年厦门总接触率14.08%;受检率88.88%。不同规模企业受检率有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粉尘是主要危害因素,职业病以尘肺为主。②4年职业健康监护年平均受检率达到75%以上。2006—2007年为第1组,2008—2009年为第2组。第2组化学重点监护、疑似职业病检出率和物理疑似职业病检出率明显高于第1组(P<0.01、P<0.05、P<0.01),粉尘和物理重点监护检出率明显低于第1组(P<0.05)。尘肺诊断年龄趋于年轻,主要工种为电焊工。结论厦门市初步建立了较规范的职业健康监护体系。粉尘是主要危害因素,职业病以尘肺为主,今后工作重点应针对粉尘作业工人加强职业健康监护,同时用人单位应建立健全职业病防治管理机制,卫生部门应加大对企业的职业卫生监管力度。[Objective] To analyze the situation of occupational health surveillance and the characteristics of occupational diseases in Xiamen City,and provide evidence for developing control strategies.[Methods]A descriptive study was performed on the occupational health surveillance and the incidence of occupational diseases during 2006-2009 in Xiamen City.① The health surveillance data collected from enterprises of different type,different scale and different risk factors were analyzed.② The change of examination rate and occupational structure were analyzed,as well as the incidence of pneumoconiosis.[Results]①The total exposure rate was 14.08% in 2009,and the occupational health examination was 88.88%.The difference of examination rate between enterprises of different scale was significant（P0.05）.The major occupational hazard was dust,and the main disease was pneumoconiosis.②The annual average examination rate in the past 4 was over 75%.The data of 2006-2007 were defined as Group 1,and the data of 2008-2009 as Group 2.The data of chemical emphasis guardianship,the suspected detection rate and physical suspected detection rate in Group 2 were significantly higher than those in Group 1（P〈0.01,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.The dust and physical emphasis detection rate were significantly lower than Group 1（P〈0.05）.The pneumoconiosis patients tended to be younger.The most were welders.[Conclusion]Xiamen City has initially established a standardized system of occupational health surveillance system.The major occupational hazard is dust,and the major occupational disease is pneumoconiosis.The focus of future work is to strengthen the occupational health surveillance,meanwhile the employing unit should establish and perfect the management mechanism of prevention of occupational diseases,and the hygiene department should enhance the occupational health supervision on enterprises.

关 键 词：职业健康监护 职业病 尘肺 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]