高温高湿环境对生长猪生长性能、血浆皮质醇浓度和免疫功能的影响  

Effects of High Ambient Temperature and Humidity on Growth Performance,Plasma Cortisol Concentration and Immune Function in Growing Pigs

作　　者：刘胜军[1] 卢庆萍[1] 张宏福[1] 李辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2010年第5期1214-1219,共6页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家973计划项目(2004CB117507-7);国家科技支撑计划课题“畜禽健康养殖过程控制技术研究”(2006BAD14B03)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究高温高湿环境对生长猪生长性能、血浆皮质醇浓度和免疫功能的影响。试验采用2×2双因子完全随机设计,2个温度水平[23和33℃],2个湿度水平(相对湿度为55%和80%)。选取体重为(30.00±1.72)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交阉公猪24头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验持续14d。结果表明:1)环境温度显著影响平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比(P<0.01),环境湿度显著影响平均日增重和料重比(P<0.01),高温和高湿均使生长性能降低,而温度和湿度的交互作用对生长性能的影响不显著(P>0.05)。2)环境温度显著影响第1天(P<0.01)、第7天(P<0.05)血浆皮质醇浓度,高温引起第1天皮质醇浓度升高,第7天降低。环境温度显著影响第7天的白细胞总数(P<0.05),第1天的中性粒细胞数及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞(N/L)值(P<0.01),第1天、第7天的B淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05),第14天的CD4+细胞数及CD4+/CD8+值(P<0.05)。高温引起第7天的白细胞总数减少,第1天的中性粒细胞数及N/L值升高,第1天、第7天的B淋巴细胞转化率升高,第14天的CD4+细胞数及CD4+/CD8+值降低,湿度以及温度和湿度的交互作用对血浆皮质醇浓度和免疫功能的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,环境高温、高湿均显著降低猪的生长性能,持续高温能显著降低猪的细胞免疫功能,进而引起抗病力下降。A 2×2 factorial experiment with two ambient temperature levels （23 and 33 ℃） and two humidity levels （relative humidity were 55% and 80%） was conducted to study the effects of high ambient temperature and humidity on the growth performance,plasma cortisol concentration and immune function in growing pigs.Twenty-four cross-bred （Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire） barrows with average body weight of （30.00±1.72） kg were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicates each and 1 pig in each replicate.The experiment lasted for 14 days.Results showed as follows：1） ambient temperature significantly affected the average daily feed intake （ADFI）,average daily gain （ADG） and feed/gain （F/G） （P〈0.01）,and humidity significantly affected the ADG and F/G （P〈0.01）.Growth performance was decreased under high ambient temperature or high relative humidity,but there was no significant interaction between temperature and humidity （P〉0.05）.2） Plasma cortisol concentration was significantly affected by temperature at the 1st day （P〈0.01） and the 7th day （P〈0.05）.High ambient temperature increased the cortisol concentration at the 1st day,but decreased it at the 7th day.Temperature significantly influenced total white blood cells （TWBC） at the 7th day （P〈0.05）,neutrophil and neutrophil to lymphocyte （N/L） ratio at the 1st day （P〈0.01）,B lymphocyte transformation rate at the 1st day and the 7th day （P〈0.05）,CD4＋ cells and CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio （P〈0.05） at the 14th day.Due to the high ambient temperature,TWBC was decreased at the 7th day,neutrophil and N/L ratio were increased at the 1st day,B lymphocyte transformation rate was increased at the 1st day and the 7th day,CD4＋ cells and CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio were decreased at the 14th day.There were no significant effects under different humidity,and there was no significant interaction between temperature and humidity on plasma cortisol and immune function （P〉0.05）.It is concluded that th

关 键 词：高温 高湿 生长猪 生长性能 皮质醇 免疫功能 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学] S815.4[农业科学—畜牧兽医]