射击射箭运动员竞赛状态焦虑状况及影响因素分析  

Investigation on Competition State Anxiety and Its Influencing Factors in Shooters and Archers

作　　者：高丽[1] 唐云翔[1] 严进[1] 崔轶[1] 全志伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学卫勤系心理学教研室 [2]上海市体育科学研究所

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2010年第9期1047-1050,共4页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：上海市体育局科研基金(07JT017);国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAI77B04)的资助

摘　　要：目的了解射击射箭运动员赛前竞赛状态焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法以全国射击比赛作为应激源,采用竞赛状态焦虑量表(CSA I-2)、特质焦虑问卷(TA I)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、运动员临场应激应付方式量表(CS I-A)对30名射击射箭运动员进行调查。结果竞赛状态焦虑水平存在项目差异(F=5.431,P=0.005),射箭队员的竞赛状态焦虑水平较其他项目的队员高(P<0.01);不同神经质运动员的认知、躯体状态焦虑水平存在显著性差异(F=7.832,P=0.002;F=3.527,P=0.044),高神经质运动员赛前认知、躯体状态焦虑水平高于非高神经质运动员(P<0.05);不同特质焦虑运动员认知、躯体状态焦虑水平存在显著性差异(F=4.830,P=0.016;F=4.459,P=0.021),高特质焦虑运动员赛前认知、躯体状态焦虑水平高于低特质焦虑运动员(P<0.05);采用不同应对方式的运动员在认知、躯体状态焦虑和状态自信心上均存在显著性差异(F=3.561,P=0.028;F=4.332,P=0.013;F=3.775,P=0.023),采用进攻-情感应对策略的运动员认知和躯体状态焦虑水平高于采用进攻-任务应对策略的运动员(P<0.01),采用回避-任务应对策略的运动员状态自信心得分高于采用进攻-情感应对策略的运动员(P<0.05)。结论运动项目、特质焦虑和神经质水平及应对方式选择上的差异均可对竞赛状态焦虑产生一定影响,高特质焦虑、高神经质和射箭项目的运动员应成为赛前焦虑管理的重点人群。Objective To investigate the competition state anxiety status and its influencing factors in shooters and archers.Methods Using a national competition as a stressor,30 shooters and archers were analyzed by using the Trait Anxiety Inventory（TAI）,Eysenck＇s Personality Questionnaire（EPQ）,Anshel＇s Coping Style Inventory（CSI-A）and competition state anxiety inventory（CSAI-2）.Results The competition state anxiety levels were different among terms,archers had highest anxiety levels（P0.01）.The cognitive and somatic anxiety levels were different among different neuroticism（F=7.832,P=0.002;F=3.527,P=0.044） and anxiety athletes（F=4.830,P=0.016;F=4.459,P=0.021）,high neuroticism and high trait anxiety athletes had higher levels of cognitive and somatic state anxiety than non high neuroticism and non high trait anxiety athletes（P0.05）.The cognitive,somatic anxiety and state confidence were different among different coping styles（F=3.561,P=0.028;F=4.332,P=0.013;F=3.775,P=0.023）,athletes who used attack-emotion coping strategy had higher cognitive and somatic state anxiety than attack-task coping strategy ones（P0.01）,lower self-confidence than avoid-task coping stategy ones（P0.05）.Conclusion The differences of team types,trait anxiety,neuroticism and coping style can influence the level of competition state anxiety at some extent.High trait anxiety,high neuroticism and archery athletes should be the focus groups in pre-competition anxiety management.

关 键 词：人格 应对方式 竞赛状态焦虑 射击射箭运动员 

分 类 号：R338.1[医药卫生—人体生理学]