Characteristics of near-surface turbulence during a dust storm passing Minqin on March 19,2010  

作　　者：ZHENG XiaoJing ZHANG JingHong 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and Environment, School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China

出　　处：《Chinese Science Bulletin》2010年第27期3107-3112,共6页

基　　金：supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB421304);National Natural Science Foundation of China(10872082)

摘　　要：Twelve-hour real-time and synchronous measurements of the three-dimensional components of the near-surface turbulence at four heights(8,16,32 and 47 m)during a dust storm are obtained by sonic anemometers for the first time.The experimental results show that(1)the mean vertical velocities at all four heights have considerably positive values during the dust storm,illustrating a strong upward flow near the surface;(2)during the dust storm,the mean vertical velocity is higher at 8 m than at 16 and 32 m,implying that the convection is stronger at 8 m than at the other two heights;and(3)when the longitudinal velocity is a maximum,the mean of the vertical components of wind velocities at 8 m is a minimum and the standard deviation is a maximum,which reveals weaker vertical convection during the period of greatest dust storm intensity,while the turbulence intensity contrarily increases,which may result in more entrainment of surface dust.The analysis results also show that the standard deviations of the longitudinal and vertical velocities increase as the mean inflow velocity increases,but the standard deviation of the lateral velocity is hardly affected by the mean inflow velocity.Based on the calculated skewness and kurtosis of the longitudinal,vertical and lateral velocities every 20 min at different heights,it is seen that all three components obviously fluctuate with height,which further indicates the importance of performing real-time and synchronous measurements at different heights near the surface during a dust storm so as to reveal the three-dimensional turbulence structure accurately.Twelve-hour real-time and synchronous measurements of the three-dimensional components of the near-surface turbulence at four heights （8, 16, 32 and 47 m） during a dust storm are obtained by sonic anemometers for the first time. The experimental results show that （1） the mean vertical velocities at all four heights have considerably positive values during the dust storm, illustrating a strong upward flow near the surface; （2） during the dust storm, the mean vertical velocity is higher at 8 m than at 16 and 32 m, implying that the convection is stronger at 8 m than at the other two heights; and （3） when the longitudinal velocity is a maximum, the mean of the vertical components of wind velocities at 8 m is a minimum and the standard deviation is a maximum, which reveals weaker vertical convection during the period of greatest dust storm intensity, while the turbulence intensity contrarily increases, which may result in more entrainment of surface dust. The analysis results also show that the standard deviations of the longitudinal and vertical velocities increase as the mean inflow velocity increases, but the standard deviation of the lateral velocity is hardly affected by the mean inflow velocity. Based on the calculated skewness and kurtosis of the longitudinal, vertical and lateral velocities every 20 min at different heights, it is seen that all three components obviously fluctuate with height, which further indicates the importance of performing real-time and synchronous measurements at different heights near the surface during a dust storm so as to reveal the three-dimensional turbulence structure accurately.

关 键 词：湍流特性 近地表 垂直速度 风暴 民勤 传递 尘埃 同步测量 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] O357.5[理学—流体力学]