古代粟名演变新考  

The New Study of the Evolution about the Name of Setaria italica Beauv. in Ancient Times

作　　者：何红中[1] 赵博[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学人文社会科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学工学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农史》2010年第3期12-19,共8页Agricultural History of China

摘　　要："稷"是粟在商周时期的别称。"禾"本为粟的原始象形字,后引申作谷物总名,是战国秦汉时期粟的主要称呼,宋代以后南方地区也有专指稻的。"谷"最初被用作谷物的总名,魏晋以后则成为粟的普遍称呼。"粟"本义是指谷子的籽实,但战国秦汉时可泛指谷类作物籽实,魏晋以后则演化成谷子的专名,既可指植株也可指籽实,唐代以后还可以专指稻。不过这些粟的名称只是当时多数地区的主流称呼,实际上各个时期都存在不同名称交叉的现象。另外,"粢"最初是指祭祀时所用之粟,"粱"是粟的一个优良品种,"秫"是粟的一个品种即粘粟,而"穈"和"芑",则是指红粱粟和白粱粟。＂Ji＂ was the alias of Setaria italica Beauv. in the time of Shang and Zhou. ＂Ho＂ was the primitive pictographic character of Setaria italica Beauv. originally and be expanded as the general name of grain. ＂Ho＂ was also the main name of Setaria italiea Beauv. in the time of Zhanguo, Qin and Han, hut it was specially used as the name of rice in the south of China after Song Dynasty. ＂Gu＂ was used as the grains＇ general name originally, but it became the universal name of Setaria italiea Beauv. after Wei and Jin Dynasties. ＂Su＂ was used as the seed＇ s name of Setaria italica Beauv. originally, but it could be used as all the seeds＇ name of specially. However, these names of Setaria italica Beauv. were the mainstream names in the majority areas at that time. Actually, there wasthe phenomenon of different names＇ overlapping in each time. Moreover, ＂Zi＂ was the name of Setaria italica Beauv. when being used as Sacrificial offering and ＂Hang＂ was one of the fine variety of Setaria italica Beauv. ＂Shu＂ was also one of the variety of Setaria italica Beauv., but it referred to the coherent Setaria italica Beauv. ＂Men＂ was used as the name of Setaria italiea Beauv. and ＂Qi＂ was used as the name of white Setaria italica Beauv.

关 键 词：古代 粟 名称 演变 

分 类 号：S09[农业科学] K03[历史地理—历史学]