绿肥种植模式对连作棉田土壤肥力及棉花产量的影响  

Effect of Different Planting Patterns of Green Manures on Soil Fertility and Cotton Yield

作　　者：李银平[1] 徐文修[1] 陈冰[1] 候松山[1] 韩晶磊[1] 侯猛[1] 陈雅欢[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2010年第9期149-153,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：自治区科技厅项目(2001BA507A-10);农业部行业项目(200803028);农业部公益性行业科研专项(nyhyzx07-005)

摘　　要：2007-2008年在连作棉田进行2种不同种植模式(春麦复播绿肥、直播绿肥)的绿肥翻压试验,研究绿肥翻压后对棉田土壤肥力及棉花产量的影响。结果表明,各处理均能提高土壤的速效磷,速效钾含量,而且沙打旺、油葵绿肥对土壤有较强的富磷和富钾作用;复播绿肥草木樨、油葵、大豆,直播绿肥沙打旺都提高了土壤有机质含量;除毛苕子外各处理均增加了土壤速效氮含量。此外,各种绿肥茬口均能提高连作棉田的棉花产量,其中春麦复播草木樨茬口的棉花增产最高达48.8%,其次是直播绿肥沙打旺茬口的棉花增产36.1%。建议长期连作棉田的倒茬应优先选择小麦复播草木樨种植方式,单作可选沙打旺直播绿肥作为棉花前茬。In order to resolve the various defects of the long-term continuous cotton-cropping field,two different cultivation modes,spring wheat sowing followed by green manure and direct seeding green manure,were conducted in the cotton fields to detect the influence of green manuring on soil fertility and cotton yield and to determine the best cultivation mode suitable to intercropping and rotating in the cotton fields.The results showed that,all of the treatments can improve the contents of available phosphorus and potassium in soil,and Astragalus adsurgens Pall.and oil sun flowers has stronger functions on enriching phosphorus and potassium in soil;multiple planting of Melilotus suaveolens,oil sunflower and soybean,as well as direct seeding Astragalus adsurgens Pall.,increased soil organic matter content;except Vivia villosa Roth,the other treatments increased available nitrogen in soil.In addition,each kind of green manure crops for rotation can enhance the cotton output in the continuous cropping cotton field,with the average increment of 28.6% compared to the continuous cropping cotton.The highest cotton yield with the 48.8% increment was gained in the field of the spring wheat followed by Melilotus suaveolens,then the direct seeding Astragalus adsurgens Pall.with the 36.1% yield increment.Therefore,in the long-term continuous cropping cotton field,the preferable rotation pattern should select wheat followed by Melilotus suaveolens in the multiple cropping system,or choose Astragalus adsurgens Pall.as preceding crop of cotton in monocropping system.

关 键 词：种植模式 绿肥 连作 茬口 棉花产量 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]