基于滑坡成因的汶川地震堰塞湖分类及典型实例分析  

Classification and Typical Case Analysis of Wenchuan Earthquake-induced Dammed Lakes Based on Landslide Formation Mechanism

作　　者：孔纪名[1,2] 阿发友 邓宏艳[1,3,2] 田述军[1,3,2] 崔云[1,3,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川成都610041 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100101

出　　处：《四川大学学报（工程科学版）》2010年第5期44-51,共8页Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50639070);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KKCX1-YW-03)

摘　　要：汶川地震引发了大量的堰塞湖,其带来的长期危害成为灾区恢复重建过程中引人关注的问题之一。依据地震滑坡成因机制及特点,对地震堰塞湖进行了类型划分,从地震滑坡(崩塌等)灾害的形成机制将堰塞湖分为整体滑动型堰塞湖和崩滑型堰塞湖两个大类。在崩滑型堰塞湖中,根据滑坡的成因特点又分为坠落—滑动型堰塞湖和坠落—弹射—滑动型堰塞湖两个亚类。并列举各种类型地震堰塞湖的典型实例,分析总结了各种类型的成因方式、发育特点及应急处置措施。对提高地震堰塞湖的认识具有一定的学科意义,对地震恢复重建过程中堰塞湖的长期防治具有一定的科学指导意义。A large number of dammed lakes induced by Wenchuan earthquake can be classified based on the formation mechanism and characteristics.With the formation mechanism of seismic landslide（collapse） disasters,dammed lakes were classified into two major categories as the overall-sliding type and collapse-sliding type.Moreover,the collapse-sliding dammed lakes were divided into two subtypes as the fall-sliding type and fall-ejection-sliding type according to the formation characteristics of landslides.The typical cases of various earthquake-induced dammed lakes were chosen to analyze the formation methods,development characteristics and disposal measures,with a certain academic significance for raising the awareness of earthquake-induced dammed lakes and providing scientific guidance for the long-term control of earthquake-induced dammed lakes.

关 键 词：地震堰塞湖 汶川地震 成因机制 分类 

分 类 号：TU528[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]