小兴安岭凉水自然保护区土壤昆虫群落特征及多样性研究  

Study on characteristic and diversity of soil insects in the Liangshui Natural Reserve of Xiao Xing'an Mountains

作　　者：安静超[1] 殷秀琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2010年第3期139-144,共6页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40871120)

摘　　要：采用样方调查法对小兴安岭凉水自然保护区的土壤昆虫进行了研究.在10个生境中共获得土壤昆虫60类,隶属1纲11目43科.研究区土壤昆虫优势类群为弹尾目节跳虫科、球角跳虫科、鳞跳虫科和棘跳虫科;常见类群为双翅目成虫、双翅目幼虫、蚁科、隐翅虫科、摇蚊科幼虫、绫跳虫科和鞘翅目幼虫,优势类群和常见类群共11类构成了研究区土壤昆虫的主要组成部分.通过计算发现,赤杨林群落生境具有最高的多样性指数和均匀度指数,人工云冷杉林生境和人工红松林生境的多样性指数和均匀度指数最低.研究区的云冷杉林、云冷杉红松林、阔叶红松林、人工兴安落叶松林、白桦林和赤杨林生境相似性程度最高,而草甸生境和其他的生境相似性最差,其余生境之间相似程度为中等.在水平方向上土壤昆虫多分布在赤杨林、阔叶红松林和兴安落叶松林生境中,而在人工林和草甸生境中分布较少;在垂直方向上土壤昆虫的种类和数量均随着土层深度的增加而减少.Characteristics of soil insect communities in 10 habitats were studied in Liangshui Natural Reserve of Xiao Xing＇an Mountains.Isotomidae,Hypogastruridae,Tomoceridae and Onychiuridae were dominant groups,while Diptera,Formicidae,Staphylinidae,Chironomidae,Entomobryidae and Coleoptera were frequent groups,occupying 91.78% of groups totally obtained and they were a major part of the soil insect communities.Results showed that the most diversity index and evenness index appeared in alder grove;in contrast,the least diversity index and evenness index appeared in manmade Pinus kaiensis forest and fir forest.In the horizontal direction,more soil insects were inhabited in alder grove,broad-leaved Pinus kaiensis forest and Larix gmelini forest;While less were inhabited in manmade forest and meadow.In the vertical direction,both groups and individuals of soil insects were decreasing with the depth of soil layers increasing and individuals of soil insects gathering the soil surface were more obvious than groups.

关 键 词：土壤昆虫 群落特征 凉水自然保护区 小兴安岭 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学] S154.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]