冬枣花发育与果实解剖结构特征研究  

Study on Flower Development and Fruit Anatomical Structure of Zizyphus Jujube‘Dongzao’

作　　者：贺润平[1,2] 李凤兰[1] 续九如[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,太原030032

出　　处：《中国农村小康科技》2010年第10期30-32,41,共4页Chinese Countryside Well-off Technology

基　　金：林业科技支撑计划专题"枣优质高产培育技术研究"(2006BAD18B02);山西农科院博士基金"枣果实发育过程及其品质调控研究"(YBSJJ0807);山西省自然科学基金"枣果实发育与裂果机理研究"(2010011039-4);农业科技成果转化资金"特大果型干鲜兼用枣树新品种"金昌一号"示范推广"(2008GB2A300034)

摘　　要：冬枣鲜食品质优良,经济价值较高,但是存在坐果率低、产量不稳等问题。采用石蜡切片和田间调查相结合的方法,研究冬枣芽、果实发育过程,结果表明冬枣花芽分化正常,胚胎发育过程中,雌雄配体均出现了败育现象。冬枣花量大,坐果率较低,落花落果严重。冬枣着色后果皮细胞充满糖分物质,转变为厚壁细胞。果实完全着色后冬枣细胞质壁分离,并伴随细胞器解体,易于吸水,是其进入裂果敏感期的物质结构基础。冬枣幼树主枝环剥结合喷施GA3可以提高其坐果率。建议冬枣秋施基肥,适当稀植有利于提高冬枣产量与质量。Zizyphus jujube‘Dongzao’quality is good with high economic value.It held some problems such as low fruit setting rate,instable yield etc.In the paper,by the way of paraffin section and field investigation,the development of its bud and fruit were studied.The results showed flower bud differentiation was normal.During embryonic development stage female and male gametophytes appeared abnormal phenomena.Its flowers were much with low fruit setting,serious flower-drop and fruit-drop.Pericarpic cell accumulated sugar and turned into thick-wall cells whenZ.jujube‘Dongzao’began to color.The whole fruit colored later,plasmolysis took place and organelle disintegrated.It was easy to absorbed water,which was structural and material base for fruit cracking.In its youth tree stage,high yield needs girding of main branches and praying GA3.Fertilization in autumn and rare density plant should be carried out for its high yield and well quality.

关 键 词：冬枣 发育 解剖结构 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]