播期对棉铃生物量和氮累积与分配的影响及其与棉铃品质的关系  

Effects of Sowing Date on Accumulation and Distribution of Biomass and Nitrogen in Cotton Bolls

作　　者：赵新华[1,2] 束红梅[1,3] 王友华[1] 陈兵林[1] 周治国[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学/农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455112 [3]江苏省农业科学院农业生物技术研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《作物学报》2010年第10期1707-1714,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771279);高等学校博士点基金项目(200803070017)资助

摘　　要：试验于2005年在江苏徐州(117°11′E,34°15′N)、2007年在河南安阳(114°13′E,36°04′N)进行,设置正常播期(4月25日)和晚播(5月25日)两个播期,研究播期对棉铃生物量和氮累积与分配的影响及其与棉铃品质的关系。结果表明,晚播显著影响棉铃(铃壳、棉籽、纤维)生物量和氮的累积与分配,进而影响铃重、棉纤维和棉籽品质形成。与正常播期比较,晚播条件下有以下变化:(1)棉株中部果枝棉铃铃期日均温下降,2005、2007年分别由24.8℃降至20.8℃、24.1℃降至19.4℃。(2)铃壳生物量升高、氮累积量下降;棉籽、棉纤维生物量和氮的快速累积起始时间推迟,累积速率峰值降低且出现时间晚,导致棉籽和棉纤维生物量和氮的累积量降低;棉纤维氮累积速率峰值出现时间早于生物量,棉籽则相反。(3)铃壳生物量和氮的累积量所占整个棉铃中的比率上升,棉籽生物量和氮的分配系数降低;棉纤维生物量的分配系数降低,但棉纤维氮的分配系数变化较小。(4)铃重、棉纤维比强度和棉籽蛋白质、油含量显著降低。综上所述,中部果枝棉铃在晚播条件下,铃期日均温降低导致光合产物和氮素向纤维和棉籽中的分配及铃壳的再转运过程受阻,棉籽和纤维的生物量和氮累积量降低,最终铃重降低、棉纤维和棉籽品质变劣。Cotton has an indeterminate growth habit. The duration of growth, particularly cotton boll development period, is restricted by environmental condition. To investigate the response of the accumulation and distribution of biomass and nitrogen in cotton bolls to environmental condition and its relationship with fiber and seed quality characteristics, we carried out field ex- periments in Xuzhou （117°11′E, 34°15′N） and Anyang （114°13′E, 36°04′N）. Using two cotton cultivars, Kemian 1 and NuCOTN, grown in the field with two sowing dates （25-Apt and 25-May） treatments. The results showed that, mean daily temperature during boll development stage in the middle fruiting branch position for the normal sowing date （25-Apt） treatment in the two sites was 24.8℃ and 24.1 ℃respectively, while only 20.8℃ and 19.4℃C for the late sowing date （25-May） treatment. And when mean daily temperature was lower than 20.8℃ cotton shell biomass increased while its nitrogen accumulation amount decreased in the late sowing date treatment. And for the biomass and nitrogen accumulation in fiber and cotton seed development, the start time of the rapid accumulation stage was later, the maximal rate was lower and its emergence time was later, resulting in the decrease of biomass and nitrogen accumulation amount. The maximal rate of nitrogen accumulation appeared earlier than that of biomass accumulation in fiber and that was opposite in cotton seed development. Under low temperature, biomass and nitrogen distribution indices increased in cotton shell while decreased in cotton seed, and no significant changes for nitrogen distribution indices in fiber. Boll weight, fiber strength and seed protein/oil content were also decreased in lower temperature condition. These results indicated that low temperature condition （mean daily temperature below 20.8℃） inhibits the transportation of nitrogen and photosyntheates products from plants to bolls （shell, seed, and fiber）, which decreases the accumulation a

关 键 词：棉花 播期 铃期日均温 生物量 氮累积量 棉铃品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]