压力条件下蹦床运动员的“choking”实证研究  

Empirical study of "choking" of trampoline players under pressure

作　　者：高希彬[1,2] 颜斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438 [2]山东理工大学体育学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《体育学刊》2010年第9期87-92,共6页Journal of Physical Education

摘　　要：对20名蹦床优秀运动员进行实验研究后表明,运动员成绩与压力源呈直接相关,过度"努力"容易诱发"choking";量表分析显示,自我意识强的运动员容易出现"choking",另外,躯体特质性焦虑与状态焦虑水平与运动员"choking"现象有密切关系。结果说明:重视运动员选材时的心理指标,控制努力程度、防止"额外"努力,引导运动员自我意识,区别对待运动焦虑,积极的认知评价策略,可以减少"choking"现象的发生。On the basis of reviewing the achievements of ＂choking＂ related researches at home and abroad,the authors made an experimental study of 20 excellent trampoline players,and revealed the following findings： the scores of the players were directly related to pressure sources;overly ＂striving＂ tended to induce ＂choking＂;as shown in the analysis of the measurement form,players with a strong self-awareness were prone to the occurrence of ＂choking＂;moreover,the levels of somatic trait anxiety and state anxiety were closely related to the sign of ＂choking＂ of the players.The findings indicated that weighing mental indexes during player selection,controlling the degree of striving,preventing excessively ＂striving＂,guiding player’s self-awareness,treating sports anxiety differentially,and positive recognition evaluation strategies,can reduce the occurrence of the sign of ＂choking＂.

关 键 词：运动心理学 “choking”现象 心理压力 蹦床 

分 类 号：G838[文化科学—体育训练]