苗瑶语“母亲”源流考  

The Word "Mother" in the Hmong-Mien Languages:Origin and Development

作　　者：石德富[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《民族语文》2010年第4期48-57,共10页Minority Languages of China

摘　　要：现代苗瑶语承载"母亲"义主要有三个系列。*mripD"人、动植物之母"是原始形式,后来分化为"人之母"和"动植物之母",它的反映形式只承载其中之一,另外的意义则由其他的形式来承载。*maC的本义为"母系社会的世系",但在一些苗瑶语中已转移来承载"母亲"义。后起的*?mjaikD原来只承载"动植物之母"义,后来又扩散到"母亲"义。There are three sets of morphemes in modem Miao-yao （Hmong-Mien） languages denoting the concept of ＂mother＂. The first set is represented by the proto form reconstructed as ＊rmripD, which denoted both the maternal and female parent of all animate and inanimate beings, including human, animals and plants. It then has undergone semantic splits, with its modem reflexes indicating either ＂a maternal parent＂ of human beings or ＂a female parent＂ of animals and plants, and the semantic gap filled by other words. A second set may be traced back to the proto-form ＊mac, which originally signified the concept of lineage in a matriarchal society, but some of its modem reflectional forms have shifted to mean ＂mother＂. Comparatively new on the scene, the form ＊？mjaikD was first used only to signify the concept of ＂female parents of animals and plants＂, but has later diffused to denote the concept of ＂mother＂.

关 键 词：“母亲” 苗瑶语 源流考 动植物 母系社会 本义 

分 类 号：H216[语言文字—少数民族语言]