植物邻体间的正相互作用  

Positive interactions in plant communities

作　　者：张炜平[1] 王根轩[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院农业生态与工程研究所,植物生理学与生物化学国家重点实验室,杭州310058

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第19期5371-5380,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30730020,30871470);科技部863资助项目(2006AA100202)

摘　　要：植物间的正负相互作用是构建植被群落的重要因素,也是群落生态学研究的中心内容之一。近20a来,植物间正相互作用的研究得到快速发展。综述了正相互作用的定义,不同植物群落中的直接、间接正相互作用及其发生机制,正相互作用研究的实验和模型方法,正负相互作用随胁迫梯度的变化及正相互作用对群落构建的影响。探讨了正相互作用研究前景:(1)进一步理解正负相互作用的平衡及其对群落构建的影响;(2)加深对全球变暖背景下的正相互作用的认识;(3)需把正相互作用研究同进化联系起来;(4)充分发挥正相互作用在生态系统中的推动力作用,把正相互作用应用到生态恢复中,为恢复退化生态系统服务。Interactions among species are central to the study of plant communities and ecological theory.Until recently,ecologists have focused on competition as the most important interaction among plant species.During the last two decades,however,evidence for the importance of positive interactions（facilitation）among plants in many plant communities has accumulated.Positive interactions among plants occur when the presence of one plant enhances the growth,survival,or reproduction of a neighbor.Such interactions can be considered mutualistic when both species derive benefit from the interaction.Some cases of facilitation may be better described as commensalism in which one species benefits from another,but the other is not affected.Often,positive interactions reduce the negative effects of competition,so the net effect of neighbors is still negative.Positive interactions occur when one organism makes the local environment more favorable for another either directly（such as by ameliorating harsh environmental characteristics,altering substrate characteristics,or increasing the availability of a resource）,or indirectly（such as by removing potential competitors,introducing other beneficial organisms or protecting their neighbors from herbivores or parasites）.The net effect of plant interactions is frequently measured as the ratio of some measure of performance,usually biomass,of individuals with neighbors removed to that of control plants with neighbors left intact.It is difficult to distinguish positive interactions from negative interactions because both effects operate simultaneously,and we can only observe the net effect of plant interactions.Several indices have been used over the years to explore the net effect of plant interactions.The relative interaction intensity（RII）in plants has been proposed because it has useful mathematical and statistical properties,thus avoiding many of the problems associated with other frequently used indices.In addition,RII can be used to measure multispecies interactions a

关 键 词：植物群落 邻体 正相互作用 胁迫梯度 群落构建 全球变暖 进化 生态恢复 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]