城市污水三污泥系统自养脱氮与强化生物除磷  

Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal and Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal from Municipal Wastewater in a Three-sludge System

作　　者：易鹏[1] 张树军[2] 甘一萍[2] 常江[2] 彭永臻[1] 曹相生[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学建筑工程学院,水质科学与水环境恢复工程北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]北京城市排水集团有限责任公司,北京100022

出　　处：《环境科学》2010年第10期2390-2397,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAC19B01);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07314-008);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-G-054)

摘　　要：采用"A/O除磷+半亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化自养脱氮"三污泥系统,实现了城市污水营养物经济高效去除.结果表明,在水力停留时间(HRT)为3.6h条件下,A/O除磷系统出水总磷(TP)≤0.5mg/L;在常温、DO<0.2mg/L和HRT=4.6h条件下,半亚硝化系统实现了亚硝氮累积率为75%～96%的半亚硝化;在温度为27～30℃和HRT=1.4h条件下,厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)系统出水总氮(TN)≤8mg/L,最低值为1.6mg/L,TN去除负荷达到0.57kg/(m3·d).三污泥系统中聚磷菌、氨氧化菌和ANAMMOX菌均在各自适宜的环境条件下生存,优化了污泥种群,提高了各工艺单元的处理效率.城市污水自养脱氮系统理论上可以减少62.5%的供氧量,节省100%反硝化碳源,同时降低了污泥产量,大大减少了CO2的排放.与传统的生物脱氮除磷工艺相比,三污泥系统具有节能降耗减排上的巨大优势和潜力,也有利于实现水资源的循环利用和可持续发展.Using a three-sludge system consisted of anaerobic /oxic（A /O） process,partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation（ANAMMOX） reactors,cost-effective removal of nitrogen and phosphate from municipal wastewater was achieved.The experimental results showed that effluent total phosphorus（TP） of the A /O system was less than 0.5 mg /L under hydraulic retention time（HRT） of 3.6 h.Partial nitritation with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 75%-96% was realized in the partial nitritation system under room temperature,DO 0.2 mg /L and HRT of 4.6 h.Under temperature of 27-30℃ and HRT of 1.4h,effluent total nitrogen（TN） and TN removal rate of ANAMMOX reactor were less than 8 mg/L with the minimum value of 1.6 mg/L and 0.57 kg/（m^3·d）,respectively.In the three-sludge system,phosphate accumulating organisms,ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and Anammox bacteria existed under suitably environmental condition to optimize the microbial community structure and improve treatment efficiency of various units.Autotrophic nitrogen removal can reduce 62.5% of the oxygen supply,save 100% of denitrification carbon sources theoretically,lower the sludge production,and greatly decrease carbon dioxide emission.As compared to traditional biological nutrient removal process,the three-sludge system has great advantages and potential in energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction to realize sustainable development of water resources.

关 键 词：城市污水 三污泥系统 强化生物除磷 半亚硝化 厌氧氨氧化 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]