施用缓控释配方肥对水稻田面水氮浓度动态变化及土壤脲酶活性的影响研究  

Influence of the slowed/controlled-release fertilizers on both the dynamic variation of nitrogen concentration in the paddy field surface water and the soil urease activity

作　　者：解开治[1] 徐培智[1] 陈建生[1] 杨少海[1] 张发宝[1] 唐拴虎[1] 黄旭[1] 顾文杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农科院土壤肥料研究所/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2010年第9期23-26,共4页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技厅重大科技专项(2007B080401019;2008A080401008);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD25B08-2;2007BAD89B14)

摘　　要：以南方典型水稻田为研究对象,采用田间小区的研究方法,对施用缓/控释配方肥水稻田面水中氮素主要形态的浓度变化进行了动态监测,并探讨了与氮素转化密切相关的土壤脲酶活性的变化特征。结果表明,插秧后15d和22d田面水中铵态氮、硝态氮、总氮含量为农民习惯施肥处理(T2)>缓/控释配方肥处理(T1)>田间排水沟中水样>不施肥处理(T3)。插秧后75d田面水中氮含量的情况变化较大,3个处理中T3处理田面水中铵态氮含量最低,硝态氮、总氮含量最高。就总体趋势而言,田面水氮素流失主要以铵态氮为主,随时间推移不断下降。随施肥天数的增长,土壤脲酶活性总体呈降低的趋势。T2处理降幅最大,T1处理次之,T3处理最小。在各处理中,氨氮/总氮比与土壤脲酶活性均达到了显著正相关水平,即氨氮占总氮的比例随脲酶活性的增强而增大。主成分分析表明,不同施肥处理对稻田氮素转化相关因子已经造成了一定的分异。说明水稻生产中施用缓/控释配方肥对减少流溪河流域稻田氮的面源污染起一定的积极作用,具有重要的生态意义。This study has carried out a dynamic monitoring of the concentration variation of main nitrogen forms in paddy field surface water after application of the slowed/controlled-release fertilizers. What’s more, the study also found out the variation characteristics of the soil urease activity that was closely related to the nitrogen transformation. In the whole experimental process,typical southern paddy fields were used as research objects and field plot experiment method was adopted. The results showed that on the 15th day and the 22nd day after transplanting, the contents of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen in the surface water differed under various treatments, with the order of traditional fertilization （T2）slowed/controlled-release fertilization （T1）water sample of drain ditch in the field no fertilization （T3）. Nitrogen content in the surface water changed greatly on the 75th day after transplanting, with ammonium nitrogen the smallest, while nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen the biggest. As general trend showed, nitrogen lost in surface water especially the ammonium nitrogen whose content decreased with time. The longer of fertilization, soil urease activity would become lower with the decreasing range of T2T1T3. For all treatments, the ratio of ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen had significantly positive corelation with soil urease activity. PCA revealed that different fertilization treatments had alread caused differentiation to the correlation factor of nitrogen transformation. This research indicated that application of slowed-controlled-release fertilizer could play a positive role in no-point source pollution reduction of paddy field in Liuxi River. The results had an important ecological significance.

关 键 词：缓/控释配方肥 水稻 田面水 氮素 动态变化 土壤脲酶活性 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]