我国东北地区土地资源变化态势分析  

Analysis of Changing Situation of Land Resources in Northeast China

作　　者：李晓燕[1] 赵广敏[1] 李宝毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学地球科学学院,长春130061

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2010年第5期68-74,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40801208);吉林大学博士后基金;吉林大学基本科研业务费项目

摘　　要：基于遥感和GIS技术,研究了1986-2000年东北地区土地资源变化趋势,并对空间差异和主要的驱动力进行了分析。结果表明,东北地区属于土地利用急剧变化型,由于人类活动的增加,导致耕地面积大幅度增加,林地、草地、水域和沼泽大量减少。从变化速率来看,水田增加最快,1986-2000年增长了20%,草地和沼泽减少最快,分别减少了17%和12%。分析东北三省土地利用特征的差异可知,辽宁省以水田和林地的减少及旱地的大面积增加为主,吉林省主要特征为水田和旱地的增加与草地的大幅度减少,黑龙江省主要特征为水田与旱田大幅度增加与林地、草地和沼泽的大面积缩减。东北地区耕地增加的分布区域是大兴安岭、小兴安岭、长白山地的山地丘陵,三江平原和黑龙江、吉林的半干旱、半湿润地区。林地减少的分布区域是大兴安岭、小兴安岭、长白山地的山地丘陵。草地减少的分布区域主要在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁与内蒙古东部交接地带的半干旱、半湿润的草原地区。气候变暖为耕地开垦提供了有利的前提条件,人口增加和区域经济的发展以及城市化进程的加快是重要的土地利用变化驱动因子。Based on RS and GIS technology,this paper analyzed the changing trend of Northeast China from 1986 to 2000.After doing this,spatial differences and main driving forces of land use changes were explored.Results showed that,Northeast China was characterized with intensive land use change due to increment of human activities.In the study period,cropland increased substantially,while woodland,grassland,water body and marsh decreased largely.Among all land use types,paddy field increased the fastest,and increased by 20% from 1986 to 2000.In contrast,grassland and marsh decreased the fastest,by 17% and 12%,respectively.In terms of features of land use in three provinces,Liaoning province was characterized by loss of cropland and woodland and increase of dry farmland.Jilin province was characterized by increase of paddy field and dry farmland and loss of grassland.Heilongjiang province was characterized by increase of dry farmland and dry farmland at the cost of shrinkage of woodland,grassland and marsh.In Northeast China,cropland increased in mountanious and hilly regions of the Great Xingan Mountains,the small Xingan Mountains,and Changbai Mountains,semi-aid and semi-humid regions of Sanjiang Plain,Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province.Woodland decreased in mountanious and hilly regions of the Great Xingan Mountains,the small Xingan Mountains,and Changbai Mountains.Grassland decreased in semi-arid and semi-humid grassland regions,located in transition regions of Heilongjiang province,Jilin province,Liaoning province and eastern part of Inner Mongolia.In terms of driving forces,climate warming supplied favorable conditions for agricultural reclamation.Population augment,regional economics development,and quick urbanization were confirmed as main driving factors for land use change.

关 键 词：土地利用变化 区域差异 驱动力 东北地区 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]