戈壁铁路沿线风沙灾害特征与挡风沙措施及功效研究  

Study on the Hazard Characteristics of the Drifting Sand along the Railway in Gobi Area and the Efficacy of the Control Engineering Measures

作　　者：程建军[1] 蒋富强 杨印海 薛春晓 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]中铁西北科学研究院有限公司科研所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2010年第5期15-20,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50908152);科技部专项资金资助项目(NCSTE-2007-JKZX-209)

摘　　要：为了掌握戈壁地区线路积沙规律以及戈壁地区铁路既有风沙防治工程措施的功效与不足,对新疆戈壁地区铁路沿线戈壁风沙地貌、线路沙害的表现形式、既有防风沙流工程措施功效进行实地调查分析与现场测试。根据戈壁铁路强风现场测试数据计算大风速率残余系数和遮蔽效应系数,分析挡风墙后的风速剖面变化与流场变化特征。结果表明:对于同一高度挡风墙,其遮蔽效应随着墙后距离的增加逐渐减弱,高点位高程的速度衰减快于低点位高程的风速衰减,3 m高挡风墙在墙后距离5 m以内存在低速涡旋积沙区;根据计算,当平均风速不大于41 m.s-1且上风区没有新的沙源补充时,通常设置的3 m高挡风墙基本可以阻挡风沙流的运动。In order to master the distribution rules of the accumulated sand and learn the efficacy as well as the deficiency of the existing engineering measures for controlling the drifting sand along the railway in Gobi area,the field survey analysis and tests were carried through on the aeolian sand landform in Gobi area,the expressive forms of the sand hazard and the efficacy of the existing engineering measures for controlling the drifting sand along the railway in Gobi area of Xinjiang.Based on the field test data of the strong wind along the railway in Gobi area,the residual resistance factor of the gale rate and coefficient of the shielding effect were calculated.The change of the wind profile and the variation characteristics of the flow field behind the windbreak were analyzed.Results indicate that for the windbreak of the same height,its shielding effect weakens along with the increase of the distance behind the windbreak.The wind speed attenuation on the higher height is faster than on the lower height.There is a low speed vortex sand accumulated area within 5 m behind the 3 m high windbreak.Based on the calculated results,when the average wind speed is not more than 41 m·s^-1 and there is no more sand source in the windward area,the usually installed 3 m high windbreak can basically prevent the movement of the sand flow.

关 键 词：戈壁铁路 风沙灾害特征 优势强风流 遮蔽效应 风沙流密度 防治措施 

分 类 号：U216.41[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]