基于RS与GIS的桂西北石漠化景观与土壤类型关系研究  

The Relationship of Rocky Desertification and Soil Type Based on RS and GIS in Northwest Guangxi

作　　者：杨青青[1,2,3] 王克林[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,广西环江547100 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第5期1030-1036,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-08);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划项目;国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)课题资助项目(2006CB403208);国家支撑计划“喀斯特峰丛山地脆弱生态系统重建技术研究(2006BAC01A10)”资助

摘　　要：运用景观生态学理论与RS&GIS技术,研究桂西北河池地区不同土壤类型石漠化的景观格局和发生率,分析石漠化的发生、分布与土壤类型的关系。结果表明:研究区石漠化形势严重,石漠化斑块密度和面积大,相互连通聚集。石漠化景观以棕色石灰土和石质土发生的石漠化占主导地位。各土壤的石漠化分布各具特征。其中,棕色石灰土的石漠化破碎度最高。石质土石漠化斑块聚集度最低,且多集中分布于峰丛石山上。酸性粗骨土石漠化景观的平均斑块面积最大,破碎度最低,受人为干扰最少。黑色石灰土石漠化分布最分散。黄壤石漠化的形状指数最小,受人为干扰最多。石灰土、粗骨土和石质土由于本身的脆弱性,导致石漠化情况严重。发生率排序为酸性粗骨土>黑色石灰土>石质土>棕色石灰土>硅质岩粗骨土。黑色石灰土地区最容易发生极强度石漠化,其次为硅质岩粗骨土。研究表明石漠化的发生与分布在不同土壤中存在明显差异,土壤的发生特点是导致石漠化形成的重要自然因素之一。We studied the spatial pattern and occurrence of rocky desertification of different soil types with landscape theory and GISRS technology,and analyzed its occurrence and distribution law with soil types.The results showed that rocky desertification was serious with great patch density and average area,which being connected and aggregated.Rocky desertification in brown limestone soil and rocky soil was serious.Rocky desertification in different soil types had its own characteristic.Among them,rocky desertification of brown limestone soil had the highest degree of fragmentation.Aggregation degree of patches in rocky soil was the lowest;these patches were on the peak-cluster rocky hills.Patches in acid skeletal soil were fragmented to the minimum extent and mean patch area was the largest;they were the least influenced by human.Patches in black limestone soil were dispersed to the highest degree.Patches in yellow soil had the smallest shape index and were influenced by human to the maximum extent.Rocky desertification of rocky soil,limestone soil and skeleton soil was serious because its own vulnerability.Their occurrence of RD was in order of acid skeletal soil black limestone soil rocky soil brown limestone soil siliceous rock skeletal soil.In black limestone soil area,the extremely intensified rocky desertification occurred most easily,next came the siliceous rock skeletal soil.This study demonstrated that there was obvious difference in occurrence and landscape pattern of rocky desertification in different soil.The occurrence characteristic of soil was the main natural factor to shape rocky desertification.

关 键 词：喀斯特 广西 石漠化 土壤类型 GIS 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学] K92[农业科学—农业基础科学]