地膜覆盖对菠萝植株生长及土壤理化特性的影响  

Effects of Film Mulching on Vegetative Growth of Pineapple and Soil Physicochemical Properties

作　　者：刘传和[1] 刘岩[1] 易干军[1] 廖美敬 魏凤玲 朱顺球 吴颜洲 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所,广东广州510640 [2]广东增城市农业技术推广中心,广东增城511300

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第5期1105-1109,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：农业部菠萝行业专题项目(nyhyzx07-030);科技部农业科技成果转化项目(2007GB2E000237);广东省科技推广项目(2007A040300008)资助

摘　　要：以菠萝品种‘澳大利亚卡因’为材料,研究了地膜覆盖对秋冬干旱、低温季节菠萝植株生长、根系活力,以及土壤水分、温度、微生物数量和相关酶活性等的影响。结果表明,地膜覆盖能促进菠萝植株的生长,增加菠萝的株高、叶片数、根系条数、地上部地下部鲜质量,提高菠萝根系的活力。同时地膜覆盖影响了土壤生态环境条件,使菠萝根际土壤保持相对稳定的温度和含水量,减缓了秋季土壤温度的剧烈上升,提高了冬季土壤温度,减少秋冬季节土壤水分的蒸发,提高了土壤含水量;增加了土壤有机质含量,但在一定程度上降低了土壤有效N、P、K水平;地膜覆盖还增加了土壤微生物数量,提高了土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的活性,但降低了土壤蛋白酶的活性。The pineapple cultivar ＇Australia Cayenne＇ was used to study the effects of black film mulching on vegetative growth,root activity,soil temperature,soil moisture,soil enzyme activity and number of soil microorganism in Guangzhou,and no mulching cultivation（open field） was treated as control.The results showed that film mulching promoted the growth of pineapple.The height and fresh weight of aboveground and underground part after mulching were higher than those of control,leaves and roots were more,and the activities of roots were higher than those of control.At the same time,film mulching affected the soil ecological conditions and maintained the stable levels of water and temperature.It slowed down soil temperature＇s rapid rising in autumn,and increased the temperature of soil in winter.Film mulching decreased water evaporation from the soil,increased the water content and the organic matters in the soil,and decreased the content of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the soil in some degree.Moreover,film mulching increased the number of microorganism and enzyme activities of soil such as urease,acid phosphatase,catalase in autumn and winter,but the activity of protease was decreased.

关 键 词：菠萝 地膜覆盖 植株生长 土壤理化特性 

分 类 号：S668.3[农业科学—果树学] S154.1[农业科学—园艺学]