黄土丘陵区小流域分布式水文和侵蚀模型建立和模拟  

Construction and Simulation of Distributed Hydrological and Erosion Prediction Model at Small Watershed Scale in the Loess Hilly-Gully Region

作　　者：李斌兵[1] 郑粉莉[2] 王占礼[3] 

机构地区：[1]武警工程学院信息技术教研室,陕西西安710086 [2]西北农林科技大学 [3]黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第5期1153-1160,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家973项目(2007CB407201);中国科学院西部行动计划(二期)(KZCX2-XB-05-03);西北农林科技大学创新团队计划项目(01140202)资助

摘　　要：基于黄土丘陵区复杂地理环境和土壤侵蚀物理过程,建立了水文过程和侵蚀过程数学模型,水文过程包括降雨入渗和产汇流计算模型;侵蚀过程包括溅蚀-片蚀带侵蚀子模型、梁坡中上部细沟侵蚀带侵蚀子模型、梁坡中下部细沟-浅沟侵蚀带侵蚀子模型、切沟侵蚀带侵蚀子模型、沟道侵蚀带侵蚀子模型;选择黄土丘陵区黑矾沟小流域10场侵蚀性降雨事件作为参数率定,其径流量和侵蚀量模拟精度分别达到了81.8%和70.8%;纸坊沟小流域2场侵蚀性降雨事件用来对模型进行检验,其径流量和侵蚀量模拟精度分别达到了75%和69.3%,与实测结果基本符合,较好地反映了小流域的地表径流过程和侵蚀产沙过程。Based on the Loess Plateau complicated geographic environment and physical processes of erosion,established were the hydrological and erosion processes＇ mathematical model.The hydrological model consisted of infiltration,production flow and convergence;the erosion model consisted of raindrop splash-sheet erosion model,the upslope beam with sheet erosion-rill erosion model,the middle and lower beam rill erosion-ephemeral gully erosion model and below shoulder line of valleys with gully erosion and channel erosion model.Ten erosive rainfall events data observed from the Heifangou small watershed were used to calibrate and validate the models,which the prediction value of the runoff and sediment at the mouth of the river forecast station reached to 81.83% and 70.8% respectively.Finally,the results were directly used for verification in Zhifanggou small watershed,the runoff and sediment prediction value had reached a forecast of 75% and 69.3%.The results showed that the proposed model can reasonably simulate rainfall-runoff and sediment transport in small watershed.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 分布式预报模型 降雨 产沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]