风化成土速率计算模型的研究进展  

Progress on Calculation Models of Soil Weathering Rates

作　　者：李渝 蒋太明 魏朝富[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆北碚400716

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第5期1252-1256,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"紫色土耕地地力提升与退化耕地修复关键技术研究"(2006BAD05B01-02);科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目"贵州喀斯特山区旱地增墒摘旱技术示范"(2007GB200288)项目资助

摘　　要：综合论述了国内外风化成土速率计算模型的研究方法及其成果。质量平衡法主要通过比较土层与成土母质之间元素组成的差异来计算风化速率,其关键是准确测定两者中元素的组成;Barth模型法主要是在小流域范围内通过化学侵蚀过程对沉积物的形成或母岩成土速率进行估算,但在估算时需结合土壤形成的各种条件和自然环境特征、生产力水平,需进行较多的校正;PROFILE模型通过矿物与土壤溶液之间风化和释放盐基阳离子的速率测定风化速率,是目前计算土壤风化成土速率公认的方法;Sr同位素比值法的关键因素是Sr同位素在地壳风化系统,如植被、土壤交换场、河流水、大气沉降和矿物风化中的分配模式和标样的选择,在土壤数据和其它数据的获取方面存在较大困难,仅用于典型土壤的研究。This paper reviewed the methods of weathering rate and research findings at home and abroad.Mass balance method primarily calculates weathering rate by the difference of the element compositions between soil and parent materials.The key factor is accurately mensurating the element compositions of soil and parent materials.Barth model estimates the formation rate of sediments or parent materials by chemical erosion in small drainage basin,but it must unify the natural environment and the productivity level of pedogenesis,which often needs much emendation.PROFILE model is a recognized and the most reliable tool of calculating soil formation rates,which estimates the weathering rate through measuring the release rate of base cations in minerals and soil solution.The key factors of Sr isotope ratio method are the assignment pattern and standard sample choice in weathering crust systems,such as vegetation,soil exchange market,river water,mineral weathering and atmospheric deposition.Due to the difficulty of acquiring soil data,this method is only for a typical soil research.

关 键 词：成土过程 成土速率 模型研究 

分 类 号：S151.3[农业科学—土壤学]