杭州西溪湿地灌草群落组成的季节变化  

Seasonal Changes of Species Composition of Shrub-grass Communities in Xixi Wetland,Hangzhou

作　　者：曹利仙[1] 沈琪[2] 张丽娜[2] 王品[2] 王浙敏[2] 岑姝瑾[2] 

机构地区：[1]嘉兴学院,浙江嘉兴314001 [2]浙江教育学院生物系,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《湿地科学》2010年第3期256-265,共10页Wetland Science

基　　金：浙江省教育厅资助项目(20060332);浙江教育学院重点项目资助

摘　　要：采用随机取样、定点调查的方法,分析杭州西溪湿地灌草植物群落的类型与时间、空间的关系,并用多样性指数分析春、夏、秋、冬四季中植物群落组成的特点。结果表明,西溪湿地物种对时间生态位的利用比较充分,四季中群落组成有较为明显的变化;春季物种最为丰富,9m2中达29种,香农—威纳指数H’为2.73,与其他季节相比差异显著;冬季物种最少,为11种,H’为2.14;夏秋季物种多样性介于春、冬季之间。西溪湿地的现有植物组成是人与自然因素共同作用的结果,而人的影响更大。西溪湿地典型的湿地物种偏少,外来有害入侵物种的比例较高,建议在去除影响景观、影响本土物种多样性的入侵种的同时,增加低湿的生境,并补种湿地物种。Xixi Wetland was located at the outskirt of Hangzhou,south-east of China.Under the influences of human residents,farming and fishing activities for more than one thousand years,Xixi had changed to secondary farming wetland.By using random sampling method and GPS orientation,the compositions and diversities of shrub-grass communities in Xixi Wetland were studied at four seasons.Ecological groups and their important values were used to analyze the species compositions and species richness（S）,Shannon-Wiener index（H＇）and Pielou＇s evenness index（J）were used to analyze the species diversities.The results showed that：①In all 82 quadrates of four seasons,159 vascular species belonging to 148 genera and 59 families were found.②Changes of seasons and habitats had influences on the species compositions of the communities in Xixi Wetland.Firstly,in the bright-highland,Conyza canadensis,Miscanthus floridulus,Arthraxon hispidus,etc,were dominant in late summer（Aug.,2007）,but C.canadensis was replaced by Setaria viridis in late autumn（Nov.,2007）,in winter and spring（Feb.and May,2008）,the dominant species were Roegneria tsukushiensis var.transiens,Erigeron annuus,etc.;under or near the bamboo trees（Phyllostachys propinqua）,communities dominated by Rubus hirsutuswere common,there were few changes of species compositions in such communities along with the time;in the highland of Xixi,some woody communities such as Broussonetia papyrifera,Lonicera japonica,Rosa multiflora and Clerodendrum trichotomum,etc.could be found frequently.Secondly,in the lowland of Xixi,hygrophyte communities dominated by Arundo donax,Imperata koenigii,Alternanthera philoxeroides were appeared frequently.Thirdly,on the water of Xixi,the most common communities were Miscanthus sacchariflours,Phragmites australis,A.philoxeroidesand Polygonum hydropiper.In late winter or in early spring,when most plants were died or the above-ground parts of most plants were died,some plants at low land were emerged,such as,Torilis scabra,

关 键 词：杭州西溪湿地 植物群落 季节变化 生物多样性 生态类群 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]