北京十渡自然保护区秋冬季节黑鹳数量及生境研究  

The Number and the Habitat of Black Stork in Autumn and Winter at Shidu Natural Reserve in Beijing

作　　者：张红娟[1] 刘培培[1] 胡德夫[1] 隋金玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《湿地科学》2010年第3期273-278,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：北京市野生动物保护协会项目(北京市房山区十渡镇拒马河流域黑鹳生态调查)资助

摘　　要：为了研究秋冬季节北京十渡自然保护区黑鹳（Ciconia nigra）的数量变动及其对生境的选择,于2008年9月6日~12月26日,根据十渡自然保护区特殊的地理特征选取16条样线,利用双筒望远镜、单筒望远镜、GPS,采用直接计数法记录发现黑鹳的数量;采用选择系数Wi和选择指数Ei评价黑鹳对十渡自然保护区5种不同生境类型（灌丛湿地、河漫滩地、鱼塘、河流和湖泡）的喜好程度。本次调查共记录到黑鹳174只;其中,9~10月观察到的黑鹳数量较少,月平均遇见数为26.5只;部分黑鹳于11月17日~11月29日迁走,12月4日左右开始有黑鹳迁入;黑鹳月平均遇见数量高峰期在12月,当月月平均遇见数达到34只。生境选择评价结果表明,黑鹳喜好在灌丛湿地和河漫滩地栖息、觅食,而对鱼塘、河流、湖泡具有回避性。To investigate the alternation of number and the habit of habitat selection of black stork（Ciconia nigra）,the quantity of the bird occurred at Shidu Natural Reserve in Beijing between September 6 th and December 26 th of 2008 was recorded with the direct count method,namely,counting the bird by using binoculars,monoculars and GPS.The record was conducted by counting the bird along with 16 selected sampling lines,which were determined based on geographic properties of the natural reserve.Relative preferences of black stork to five different types of habitats（e.g.,shrub wetlands,floodplain lands,fish ponds,and rivers and lakes）were evaluated with the selection coefficient Wi and the selection index Ei.Totally 174 black stork was recorded,and fewer was observed from September to October,with an average of only 26.5 per month.Some of the black stork migrated out the reserve to the south at the time between November 17 th to 29 th,and some migrated into the natural reserve from the north at December 4 th.The month with the highest number,34,of the bird observed was December.It is shown by the evaluation results that the black stork preferred to perching and foraging in shrub wetlands and floodplain lands and avoided from the fish ponds,and rivers and lakes.

关 键 词：黑鹳 生境 数量 十渡自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]