兴义少数民族地区婴幼儿肺炎的病原菌及耐药情况调查  

Survey of Pathogens and it's Drug Resistance in Pneumonia in Young Children in Xingyi Ethnic Minority Area

作　　者：王云[1] 杨玉林[1] 包艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省兴义市人民医院,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《儿科药学杂志》2010年第5期31-33,共3页Journal of Pediatric Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的:调查兴义少数民族地区婴幼儿肺炎的病原菌及其耐药性。方法:对2006年12月至2009年12月在我院住院的1239例婴幼儿肺炎患儿的痰液标本培养及药敏试验进行回顾性统计和分析。结果:共分离培养出病原菌656株,总阳性率52.9%,其中革兰阴性菌439株,占66.9%,革兰阳性菌152株,占23.2%,真菌65株,占9.9%。革兰阴性菌以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌为主,较敏感的抗生素为亚胺培南(泰能)、阿米卡星、环丙沙星、头孢西丁、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶。革兰阳性菌以肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主,对亚胺培南(泰能)、环丙沙星、头孢西丁、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、万古霉素、利福霉素较敏感。结论:兴义地区婴幼儿肺炎的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌、肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主要病原菌,对抗生素的耐药性较强,临床上应注意对这些菌株的检测,积极防治。Objective：To investigate the pneumonia pathogens and the drug resistance in infants and young children in Xingyi ethnic minority area. Methods：From December 2006 to December 2009 in our hospital,1,239 cases of infantile pneumonia were analysed retrospectively with the results of both sputum culture and sensitivity test. Results：Six hundred and fifty-six pathogens were isolated and cultured. The total positive rate was 52.9%,in which gram-negative bacteria were 439 strains （66.9%） and gram-positive bacteria were 152 strains （23.2%）,fungus were 65 strains （9.9%）. Gram-negative bacteria were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae etc. Their sensitive antibiotics were imipenem,amikacin,ciprofloxacin,cefoxitin,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,cefepime and ceftazidime. Gram-positive bacteria were mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,which were sensitive to imipenem,ciprofloxacin,cefoxitin,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,vancomycin and rifamycin. Conclusions：The pathogens of pneumonia in infants and young children are mainly Gram-negative bacteria. The main pathogens are Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Enterobacter cloacae,Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus,whose resistance to antibiotics is strong. The clinics should pay more attention to testing of these strains,which should be controlled positively.

关 键 词：肺炎 病原菌 耐药性 

分 类 号：R725.622.1[医药卫生—儿科]