稻草覆盖和聚丙烯酰胺对坡地红壤水蚀的阻控作用  

Effects of Straw Mulching and Polyacrylamide Applying in Surface Soil on Water Erosion Control in Red Soil Sloping Fields

作　　者：林丽蓉[1] 陈家宙[1] 曾涛[1] 宋州俊[1] 魏强[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学农业部亚热带农业资源与环境重点开放实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第5期14-18,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2009BADC6B01);教育部科学技术研究重点项目(108093);国家自然科学基金(40871139)

摘　　要：通过室内土槽模拟和田间径流小区观测,研究不同条件下稻草覆盖、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)表施及其组合措施对坡地红壤水蚀的影响。稻草覆盖、PAM表施明显提高了土壤入渗率,降低了产流率,推迟了稳定入渗、初始产流和稳定产流时间的到来,从而增加降雨入渗,减少产流,并明显提高了旱季0-45cm深度的土壤含水量。3种措施之间的入渗量和产流量差异与雨强正相关,与初始含水量负相关;稻草覆盖减沙的效果在大雨强、中高初始含水量更明显,而PAM表施在小雨强、中低初始含水量更好;组合措施增加入渗、减流、减沙的效果好于单一措施。结果表明,稻草覆盖和PAM表施对坡地红壤水蚀具有较好的阻控作用。Simulation experiments in soil bins and observations in runoff plots were carried out to explore how the practices of straw mulching,polyacrylamide （PAM） applying in surface soil,and their combination affect the water erosion in red soil sloping fields.These practices generally increased infiltration rate,decreased runoff rate,and delayed stable infiltration,initial runoff generation and stable runoff generation,consequently contributed to increases in infiltration of rain water,and reductions in runoff generation.Under these practices,soil water contents at the 0-45 cm depth in dry season were also significantly raised.The difference of infiltration and runoff generation among the three practices turned to be larger at higher rainfall intensities and smaller at higher initial soil water content.For sediment yield control,the treatment effects of mulching were significant at high rainfall intensities and middle to high initial soil moisture,while the effects of PAM applying in topsoil were remarkable at low rainfall intensities and middle to low initial soil moisture.The combined practice had the most significant effects on water erosion control.These results suggest that straw mulching and PAM applying in surface soil could diminish runoff and sediment in red soil sloping fields.

关 键 词：坡地红壤 水蚀 稻草覆盖 聚丙烯酰胺 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]