不同种植方式对烟田氮素径流损失的影响  

Influence of Different Planting Methods on Runoff Losses of Nitrogen in Tobacco Field Soil

作　　者：王军[1,2] 陈能场[3] 詹振寿[3] 谢玉华 吕永华 柯油松 徐胜光[3] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530005 [2]广东省烟草南雄科学研究所,南雄521400 [3]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广州510650 [4]广东省烟叶生产购销公司,广州510610 [5]广东省烟草南雄市有限公司,南雄512400

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第5期68-73,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(9151065003000003);广东省烟草专卖局重点项目(粤烟科[2008]19号)

摘　　要：氮素流失引起的肥料氮利用率低问题长期困扰着广东等南方多雨烟区烤烟种植业的可持续发展。通过在广东南雄烟区的大田小区试验,探讨了不同种植方式对植烟土壤氮素径流损失的影响。结果表明:(1)地膜覆盖处理(T2)平均单次径流量和产流系数分别为44.11mm和48.90%,分别相当于裸地种植处理的109.6%和113%,覆膜明显提高了烟田径流量和产流系数;(2)烤烟生长期间,与不施氮的裸地种植处理比(T0),施氮的裸地种植处理(T1)极显著地提高了烟田氮素流失量(P<0.01),供氮起到了加剧烟田氮素流失的明显作用。相同施氮量条件下,覆膜处理(T2)硝态氮径流损失量(28.14kg/hm2)比裸地种植处理低40%(P<0.05),显著减少了烟田氮素的径流损失;(3)烤烟集中供基、追氮的中前期,烟田径流硝态氮浓度波动较大,径流硝态氮损失累计量呈近线性上升变化,覆膜处理有显著降低硝态氮径流损失的明显作用(P<0.01);烤烟后期径流硝态氮呈持续下降的变化趋势,盖膜处理对降低烟田氮素流失的作用明显减弱。(4)与相同施氮量的裸地种植处理比较,盖膜处理对减少烟田氮素径流损失的作用,起到促进土壤硝态氮积累、提高烤烟氮肥表观利用率的作用效果(P<0.05)。Runoff losses of nitrogen was the dominant pathways of N loss resulting in low N use efficiency of tobacco in rainy regions of Guangdong and other provinces in south China.To study the influence of different planting methods on runoff losses of nitrogen in tobacco field soil,a field experiment was conducted using flue-cured tobacco （Nicotiana tobacum L.） cultivar Yue 97 grown in a completely randomized block design at Nanxiong Tobacco Science Institute of Guangdong in 2010.The results showed that： （1） Plastic-film covering markedly increased runoff and its coefficient in tobacco field.The mean rate of runoff and its coefficient of plastic-film covering was 44.11 mm and 48.90%,which was equivalent to 109.6% and 113% of bare land,respectively.（2） Compared to the treat without N application （T0）,the amount of runoff losses of nitrogen can be enhanced significantly by nitrogen fertilizer,and runoff losses of nitrogen was very high when N applied in bare land during tobacco seedlings growth,and plastic-film covering （T2） reduced the amount of nitrate nitrogen losses in runoff by 40% under the same fertilizer of bare land （T1） according to this study.（3） Nitrogen application as base fertilizer and top dressing was conducted at early-middle growth period of tobacco in this experiment.This time nitrate nitrogen concentration in runoff fluctuated greatly according to the change of precipitation and fertilization.Meanwhile,the accumulative nitrate nitrogen losses takes on an approximate linear increasing change trend followed with plant growth,and there was the evidently decreased of nitrogen losses （P0.01） from runoff because of plastic-film covering.However,nitrate nitrogen concentration in runoff was decreased continuously at flue-cured tobacco later stage,and this period the runoff losses of nitrogen can not be reduced evidently from plastic-film covering.（4） From plastic-film covering,runoff losses of nitrogen was decreased significantly compared to the treat of bare land under th

关 键 词：种植方式 烟田 氮素 径流损失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]