巢湖沿岸典型圩区夏季水稻生长期营养盐输出特征研究  

Nutrient Export from a Typical Polder Area around Chao Lake during Rice Growing Period in the Summer

作　　者：储茵[1] 汪丽婷[1] 马友华[1] 胡宏祥[1] 张丽娟[1] 朱小红[1] 孙丽[1] 胡鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽省巢湖市居巢区农业技术推广中心,安徽巢湖238000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第5期135-140,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B06);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07103-002)

摘　　要：巢湖及其主要支流沿岸分布着很多地势低洼、靠排灌站抽排水进行排涝和引水灌溉的圩区。为探明圩区农业非点源营养盐输出特征,本研究选择巢湖沿岸某典型圩区,于2009年水稻生长期进行了较系统的野外调查、观测、取样和室内水质分析。2009年夏季该圩区较干旱,有3次共70.8mm的排水和3次共34mm的进水。排水总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度分别在0.8～6.5mg N/L和0.05～0.6mg P/L之间,高于受纳河流柘皋河水质。TN和TP排水事件平均浓度EMC分别为4.28mg N/L和0.3mg P/L,水质总体处于富营养化和超富营养化水平。排水营养盐浓度与降雨排水量、施肥水平和距离施肥时间有关,并呈现复杂的动态变化。夏季水稻生长季节(6-9月)TN和TP净输出通量分别为2.10kg N/hm2和0.13kg P/hm2,占施肥总量的1.2%和0.4%。圩区的特殊地势和排水过程,使得圩内水稻田和沟渠具有较大的蓄水容量和较强的滞留效应,加上实验时期相对干旱,营养盐输出通量总体较低。由于农业非点源污染输出受排水量影响大,圩区又多为距离天然水体很近的敏感地带,圩区农业非点源污染对受纳水体的潜在和长期影响不容忽视。圩区各类污染输出对受纳水体的长远影响及如何有效控制还有待更深入的研究。Around Chao lake there are many polders,the low lying land reclamations surrounded and protected by dikes.The inflow and outflow of water into and out of the polder area are controlled by the culvert and pumping station.Agricultural activities dominate these polders which drain important non-point source pollutants to their receiving water： Chao lake.These polders form the critical area for non-point sources pollution control.To understand nutrient export from these areas,a typical polder was chosen to make a detailed study.Water drainage outflow and inflow from nearby river were measured in the summer of 2009.Water flow in the ditches and the outflow by pumping of these events were sampled for the analysis of total nitrogen （TN）,ammonia（NH4-N）,nitrate（NO3-N）,total phosphorus （TP） and dissolved phosphorus （DP）.The results showed that there were totally 70.8 mm outflow and 34 mm inflow during the whole summer period,indicating that it was a dry summer.The TN and TP levels of drainage water were 0.8~6.5 mg N/L and 0.05~0.6 mg P/L respectively,higher than its receiving river.The event mean concentrations（EMC）were 4.28 mg N/L for TN and 0.26 mg P/L for TP,attaining eutrophic-hypereutropic status.The net loads were 2.10 kg N/hm^2 and 0.13 kg P/hm^2 respectively for TN and TP during this summer rice growing period （from June 1 to Sept.30）,representing only 1.2% and 0.4% of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization input.But in the long-term,it could be a treat to its final receiving water considering the important location and the strong influence of the drainage volume.The special water drainage way and the retention effect of the ditches might play an important role for restricting water nutrient export,which needed further study.

关 键 词：圩区 氮 磷 营养盐输出 非点源污染 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] X52[农业科学—农业基础科学]