定位培肥对黑土农田生态系统中土壤微生物活性的影响  

Impact of Location Fertilization on Microbial Activity in Agricultural Ecosystem of Black Soil

作　　者：赵伟[1] 陈雅君[1] 王宏燕[1] 王立民[2] 于佳[1] 宋立娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第5期233-237,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"863"课题"主要农业生物质的微生物转化和退化黑土地力修复技术研究"(2006AA10Z424);东北农业大学资源与环境学院青年基金;东北农业大学创新基金(156703071);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2009BADB3B01-02)

摘　　要：通过定位培肥试验对不同培肥方式下黑土生态系统中的土壤微生物活性进行了研究。研究结果表明,不同培肥处理均提高了土壤细菌、富营养菌和寡营养菌的数量,且农肥处理优于化肥处理,单施化肥处理土壤的富营养菌数量苗期最高,而农肥处理和农肥化肥等量处理为先升高后降低,至鼓粒期土壤中的富营养菌数量降至最低。施肥处理土壤微生物量的含量高于对照,农肥处理和农肥化肥等量处理的土壤中微生物量碳、氮含量高于单施化肥处理。不同培肥处理均提高了土壤脲酶的活性,施肥处理土壤脲酶的活性的变化范围为79.56～139.90mg/100g土,农肥低量和农肥高量处理土壤过氧化氢酶之间差异不显著,但显著高于对照,农肥处理土壤过氧化氢酶的含量始终是最高的,平均为0.41ml KMnO4/g干土,农肥化肥等量处理、化肥低量处理和化肥高量处理之间差异不显著,土壤过氧化氢酶含量平均为0.37ml KMnO4/g干土。因此,施用农肥是增加土壤微生物活性的有效途径,有利于提高退化土壤的质量。In this study,we researched the effects of location fertilization on microbial activity in black soil ecosystem.The main results showed that numbers of bacteria,copiotrophic bacteria and oligotrophic bacteria were improved and the numbers of bacteria,copiotrophic bacteria and oligotrophic bacteria of manure fertilizer treatments were higher than those of chemical fertilizer treatments.Numbers of copiotrophic bacteria of chemical fertilizer treatments were the highest in seedling stage.But numbers of copiotrophic bacteria of manure fertilizer treatments and manure and chemical fertilizers in equal ratio treatment first rose,then fell down and were the lowest till seed expanding period.Microbial biomass contents of fertilizers treatments were higher than those of CK and microbial biomass contents of manure fertilizer treatments and manure and chemical fertilizers in equal ratio were higher compared to chemical fertilizers treatments.The urease activities of soil were advanced by fertilizers.The urease activities of different fertilizer treatments ranged from 79.56 mg/100 g dry soil to 139.90 mg/100 g dry soil.ANOVA showed no differences of catalase activities in soil between low manure fertilizer treatment and high manure treatment,but higher compared to CK.The catalase activities of manure fertilizers treatments were 0.41 ml KMnO4/g dry soil and always the highest.ANOVA showed no differences of catalase activities in soil among manure and chemical fertilizers in equal ratio treatment,low chemical fertilizer treatment and high chemical fertilizer treatment and the average catalase activity was 0.37 ml KMnO4/g dry soil.Thus manure fertilizers application is a valid pathway to improve soil microbial activity and useful to advance qualities of degenerate soil.

关 键 词：农肥 化肥 微生物活性 黑土 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S147.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]