论俄国缙绅会议  

On Russian Zemsky Sobor

作　　者：曹维安[1] 谢慧芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院 [2]西安工业大学北方信息工程学院人文社科系,教师西安710062

出　　处：《世界历史》2010年第5期23-32,共10页World History

摘　　要：缙绅会议在俄国从16世纪中期开始到17世纪中期逐渐停止召开,存在了一百多年。俄国学者多从西欧政治制度发展的模式来理解俄国缙绅会议,认为它是俄国的等级代表制度。与西欧封建等级议会相比,俄国缙绅会议在起源、作用上都有很大不同。它只是在16—17世纪发挥了短暂作用,并没有演变为西欧那样稳定的等级代表制机构。缙绅会议的代表制只不过扩大了沙皇进行统治的阶级基础,成为沙皇制度在一段时期可以利用的工具。使用西方模式和概念来认识俄国政治制度的演变,只能说其像谁,而不能说其是谁。In Russia,Zemsky Sobor existed from the mid 16th century to the mid 17th century for more than 100 years. Most Russian scholars agreed that Russian Zemsky Sobor was a Russian version of the estate-representative institution,trying to interpret Zemsky Sobor in a western European model of political system. From our point of view,however,Russian Zemsky Sobor was quite different from feudal estate parliaments in both origin and function. It functioned only in the 16th-17th centuries for a short time and did not develop into a stable estate-representative institution,as it happened in Western Europe. In fact,the Zemsky Sobor institution has only expanded the class basis of the Tsarist regime and served merely as an instrument of the government in this period. When we try to interpret the evolution of Russian political system in the context of western models and concepts,what we could do is to tell what it appears to be,but what we could not do is to tell what it is.

关 键 词：俄国 缙绅会议 等级代表制 

分 类 号：D751.2[政治法律—政治学]