极端干旱区葡萄园蒸散量的日间变化研究  

Diurnal Variation of Evapotranspiration of Grape under Extreme Arid Region

作　　者：聂新山 白云岗[1,2] 蔡军社 张江辉 

机构地区：[1]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049 [2]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆葡萄瓜果研究开发中心,新疆鄯善838200

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2010年第10期12-15,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2007BAD38B03);新疆自治区重大专项资助项目(200731136-5)

摘　　要：利用波文比能量平衡法对新疆吐哈盆地葡萄园葡萄蒸散量进行了测定。结果表明,在晴朗无云的条件下,葡萄蒸散速率日变化呈单峰型。蒸散从8∶00时以后出现,迅速增加,到13∶00-14∶00时达到峰值,随后蒸散速率迅速下降。净辐射对植物蒸散起决定作用,蒸散速率的变化趋势与净辐射变化基本一致,其日变化具有相同的峰型。在干旱区,热量垂直传输的昼夜变幅较大,净辐射的大部分能量用于土壤蒸发和植物蒸腾,因而日间蒸散速率的变化趋势与净辐射变化基本一致。葡萄蒸散量随风速的增加而增加,当风速超过4m/s时,由于风速的变化引起水汽压差的变化紊乱而导致蒸散速率变化过程比较复杂。相关分析表明,环境因子对蒸散速率影响的贡献依次为:净辐射>风速>空气温湿度。This article makes use of the Bowen Ratio-equilibrium Energy Method to measure evapotranspiration of grape in Tuha basin.The results showed that the diurnal variation of evapotranspiration rate were obvious and single-peak curve under the clear and cloudless term.Evapotranspiration begins at 8∶00 in the morning and the rising rate of evaportranspiration is smooth in the morning,attains the peak by noon 13∶00-14∶00,later evapotranspiration rate quick decreases.The net radiation plays critical role in plant evapotranspiration.The trend of net radiation change is similar to evapotranspiration rate;the diurnal variation has the same peak type.Evapotranspiration of grape increases with the wind velocity.The correlation analysis showed that the order of fitness degree between evapotranspiration rate and single environment factor was： variety of soil temperaturenet radiationwind speedsoil moistureair temperature and humidity.

关 键 词：葡萄 蒸散 日变化 吐哈盆地 

分 类 号：S161.21[农业科学—农业气象学]