高校甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征及疫苗预防的效果分析  

UNIVERSITY INFLUENZA H1N1 INFLUENZA EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND EFFECTS OF VACCINE-PREVENTABLE

作　　者：王胜敏[1] 王丛妙[1] 曹丽娟[1] 卢秀霞[1] 陈章峰[1] 杨晓松[1] 张彬[1] 田国熙[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市北京航空航天大学校医院,北京100193

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2010年第20期3935-3937,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]观察高校甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征,评价甲型H1N1流感疫苗的预防效果。[方法]回顾性分析2009年10月5日～11月9日我院隔离病房收治的甲型H1N1流感确诊病例29例,观察患者流感相关症状、体征的动态情况。对13197名高校教职工及学生进行甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种,与同期匹配的未接种人群比较甲型H1N1流感发生情况、流感样症状发生情况及上呼吸道感染发生情况。[结果]29例甲型H1N1患者均咽部充血,大部分患者发热,部分患者头痛、鼻塞、流涕、乏力、肌肉酸痛等。接种疫苗可显著减少甲型H1N1流感的发生率(P﹤0.05),预防有效率为77.81%;且接种后流感样症状发生率明显降低,与对照组有统计学差异(P﹤0.05),预防有效率为78.35%;此外,两组上呼吸道感染发生率有统计学差异(P﹤0.05),预防有效率为53.84%。接种疫苗后副反应发生率为0.77%。[结论]掌握甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征,有助于为疫情的防控提供科学依据,甲型H1N1流感疫苗可有效预防甲型H1N1流感及其他相关疾病的发生。[Objective] To observe the epidemiological characteristics of swine H1N1 influenza in university,and evaluate the preventive effect of influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine.[Methods] Retrospective Analysis was taken to 29 cases with influenza H1N1 from Oct.5th 2009 to 9 Nov.9th 2009 in our hospital isolation ward,and they were observed for influenza-related symptoms and signs of the dynamic situation.H1N1 influenza vaccination was used for 13 197 university faculty and students,and we compared influenza-like symptoms and upper respiratory tract infection cases among vaccinated cases and non-vaccinated cases at the same period.[Results] 29 cases with Influenza A H1N1 patients presented throat congestion,and majority of patients had fever,some patients had headache,nasal congestion,runny nose,fatigue and muscle soreness.Vaccination can significantly reduce the incidence of influenza A H1N1 influenza（P﹤0.05）.The preventive rate was 77.81%.The flulike symptoms between vaccinated and non-vaccinated cases showed significant difference（P﹤0.05）,and the preventive rate was 78.35%.In addition,the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in the two groups showed significantly difference（P﹤0.05） with the preventive rate of 53.84%.The adverse reaction after vaccination was 0.77%.[Conclusion] Understanding the epidemiological features of influenza H1N1 influenza is help to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of H1N1 influenza,and the H1N1 influenza vaccine is effective in preventing influenza and other diseases.

关 键 词：甲型H1N1流感 流行病学 疫苗 

分 类 号：R373.13[医药卫生—病原生物学]