山茶属的细胞地理学研究  

A Cytogeological Study of Genus Camellia

作　　者：张文驹[1,2] 闵天禄[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所 [2]中国科学院昆明植物研究所

出　　处：《云南植物研究》1999年第2期184-186,共3页Acta Botanica Yunnanica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：本文收集整理了山茶属的细胞学资料，以细胞地理学的方法探讨该属的起源和演化。在山茶属１４组１１９种植物中有１０组６２种已具染色体数目的报道，５４种已知核型，分别占总数的５２％和４５％。山茶属植物具有稳定的基数（ｘ＝１５）和多变的倍性（２ｘ→８ｘ）。每一个组都有二倍体或全为二倍体；多倍体主要出现在Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃａｍｅｌｉａ、Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｐａｒａｃａｍｅｌｉａ和Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｔｈｅｏｐｓｉｓ之中，大多分布在山茶属分布区的西部、北部和西北部，呈现出北多南少的趋势。山茶属的核型遵守Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ的从对称向不对称演化的规律，分布中心靠南的组比靠北的组拥有更对称的核型，表明山茶属从南向北进化和扩散。在已具核型资料的组中，Ｓｅｃｔ．Ａｒｃｈｅｃａｍｅｌｉａ最原始，Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃａｍｅｌｉａ最进化，包括Ｃ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ的Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅａ不可能是山茶属最原始的类群。我们认为山茶属很可能起源于中南半岛，主要向北扩散和进化，在现今的分布中心发生了快速的分化。In this paper,the origin and evolution of genus Camellia was discussed by cytogeographical method.The results were based on the information on chromosome numbers of 62 species and on karyotypes of 54 species in 10 sections,52% and 45% of total species respectively.There was stable basis number(x=15)and various ploidy(from 2x to 8x)in Camellia .Every section contained diploid and some of them were all diploid.Polyploid species were mainly in Sect Camellia ,Sect Paracamellia and Sect. Theopssis ,and distributed in the north-east,west and north of distribution of Camellia ,presenting the tendency that polyploid was more in the north and west than in the south.Karyotypical evolution in Camellia agreed with Stebbins theory,from symmetry to asymmetry.Sect Archecamellia contained the most symmetrical karyotype and was the most primitive group in 10 scetions;Sect Camellia was the most advanced groups.Sect. Heterogenea ,including C yunnanensis ,was not the most origninal group in Camellia ,because of its high asymmetrical karyotype. Camellia might be originated in Indochina Peninsula,then dispersed mainly to northern area and differentiated rapidly in the present distribution center,Yunnan,Guangxi and Guangdong,and formed most species of Camellia .

关 键 词：山茶属 倍性 核型 细胞地理学 

分 类 号：Q949.758.4[生物学—植物学]