植物法生物修复PAHs和矿物油污染土壤的调控研究  

Plant bioremediation of PAHs and mineral oil contaminated soil.

作　　者：孙铁珩[1] 宋玉芳[1] 许华夏[1] 张海荣[1] 杨桂芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所

出　　处：《应用生态学报》1999年第2期225-229,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;中国科学院沈阳生态试验站资助项目

摘　　要：选择苜蓿草为供试植物，以污染物含量水平、专性细菌和真菌及有机肥为调控因子，进行了植物法生物修复多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）和矿物油污染土壤的调控研究．结果表明，ＰＡＨｓ和矿物油的降解率与有机肥含量呈正相关，增加有机肥５％，可提高矿物油降解率１７．６％～２５．６％，ＰＡＨｓ降解率９％．在植物存在条件下，土壤微生物降解功能增强．多环芳烃总量的平均降解率比无植物对照土壤提高２．０％～４．７％．投加特性降解真菌可不同程度地提高土壤ＰＡＨｓ总量和矿物油的降解率．真菌对萤蒽、芘和苯（ａ）蒽／艹屈的降解有明显促进作用．而细菌能明显提高苊稀／芴、蒽和苯（ａ）萤蒽／苯（ｋ）萤蒽的降解率．Taking alfalfa( Medicago sativa) as test plant and with pollutant content level,specific bacteria,fungi and organic fertilizer as control factors,the plant bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mineral oil contaminated soil was conducted.The degradation rate of PAHs and mineral oil was positively correlated with the content of organic fertilizer in soil.Increasing the content of organic fertilizer by 5% would increase the degradation rate of mineral oil by 17 6～25 6%,PAHs by 9%.On the presence of plants,the degradation ability of soil microbes was enhanced,with the average degradation rate of total PAHs 2 0～4 7%higher than that of control.The applied fungi improved in some degree the degradation of PAHs and mineral oil.Fungi obviously enhanced the degradation rate of fluoranthrene,pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene/chrysene,while bacteria obviously increased the degradation rate of acenathene/fluorene,anthracene and benzo(a)fluoranthene/benzo(k)fluoranthrene.

关 键 词：土壤污染 多环芳烃 植物生物修复 降解率 

分 类 号：X530.6[环境科学与工程—环境工程]