一个超前和有胆识的科学推论——吴素萱先生关于“细胞核的更新现象”及其科学意义  

A Leading and Couragious Scientific Inference “the Phenomenon of Cell Nucleus Renewal” Proposed by Professor and Dr.WU Su Xuan in 1956 and Its Scientific Significance

作　　者：荆玉祥[1,2] 张伟成 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所 [2]中国科学院上海植物生理研究所

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1999年第4期445-446,共2页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

摘　　要：１９５６年，吴素萱先生在《植物学报》第５卷第１期上发表了题为《细胞核的更新现象》的论文［１］。该文用大蒜鳞片作材料，在其走出休眠后，观察到细胞核释放出常带有核仁的嗜酸性核物质，被亮绿染成绿色。其后这种物质逐步变成嗜碱性，经孚尔根反应染成紫红色，并逐渐...Professor and Dr.WU Su Xuan (1909～1979) did an experiment using bulb scales of garlic (Allium sativum L.) after their dormancies as material which was fixed, sectioned and stained with Feulgen reaction and light green, and observed under the light microscope. She found that the cell nuclei released into cytoplasm a substance which gathered near the nucleus and stained first as blue colour, then, gradually changed into red colour in different cells, resulting in forming new nuclei. Simultaneously, the original nuclei deformed and disappeared. This phenomenon was called cell nucleus renewal. She proposed the hypothesis that (1) the substance released from the nuclei contained RNA which could be transformed into DNA through a certain mechanism in the cells; and (2) the cell nucleus renewal would be relative to cell physiology, such as material transfer among the cells etc. This scientific inference could not be recognized and further confirmed at that time. With the development of molecular biology, a part of the inference “RNA→DNA” has been already confirmed by reverse transcriptase mechanism in 1970 from the experiments by using viruses and in 1981 from the evidences that there are a lot of retrotransposons containing reverse transcriptase genes in eukaryotic cells, and telomerase which functions like reverse transcriptase. Certainly, the inference proposed by WU Su Xuan in 1956 has its great significance in science. Professor and Dr. WU Su Xuan was a well known plant cytologist in China. 1999 is the 90th anniversary of her birth and the day of April 16 this year is the 20th memorial of her death in 1979. The paper is to show our commemoration for her contributions to science.

关 键 词：大蒜 RNA DNA 细胞核更新 

分 类 号：Q942.5[生物学—植物学]