排烟方式对火场人员疏散影响的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of the influences of smoke extraction on evacuation

作　　者：常玉锋[1] 陈锋 贾沛[1] 张焱[3] 

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学环境与城市建设学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]北京保利达工程设计有限责任公司杭州分公司,浙江杭州310003 [3]中南大学土木建筑学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《武汉工程大学学报》2010年第9期46-49,共4页Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology

摘　　要：针对建筑火灾中烟气的危害特点,利用商业计算流体软件PHOENICS,分别对无排烟措施、自然排烟、机械排烟等三种常见的建筑火灾后的排烟方式进行烟气流动规律的模拟研究.得出:火灾后,自然排烟和机械排烟在一定程度上都能将着火房间的烟气、热量排出室外,降低着火房间的烟气浓度、温度和压力.机械排烟形成的微负压使得火场烟气不易向外扩散,同时增加近30 s的疏散时间,排烟效果明显更利于火场人员的安全疏散.本文计算机场模拟的结果符合单室烟气的蔓延机理,证明了使用计算流体力学技术对火灾现象进行数值模拟是可行的,可用于指导建筑火灾的扑救和火场人员的安全疏散.Due to the hazard of the smoke in a building fire,numerical simulations of the smoke movements in three different ventilation working conditions,which include no extraction,natural smoke extraction and mechanical smoke extraction,are achieved by using the commercial computational fluid software PHOENICS.In a fire,both natural smoke extraction system and mechanical smoke extraction system can expel lots of the smoke and the heat from the room,which reduces the concentration of the smoke,the temperature and the pressure.The mechanical smoke extraction system can produce trace negative pressure,which makes smoke diffusion outside difficult,which has good effect on smoke extraction obviously and adds nearly 30 s for evacuation.The results of the study prove the feasibility of field simulation based on the CFD technology during a fire,and confirm the mechanisms of the smoke movements of the fire process in a separate room.It has important theory value and reality significance to fire control and evacuation during a fire.

关 键 词：火灾 烟气 场模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU834[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]