外来物种入侵的历史及其启示  

History of Alien Species Invasion and Its Revelations

作　　者：刘春兴[1] 温俊宝[1] 骆有庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2010年第5期42-47,共6页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学规划重点项目(07AeFX034);"973"国家重大基础研究计划项目(2009CB119205);教育部"长江学者和创新团队发展计划"项目(IRT0607)

摘　　要：数百万年来绝大多数物种一直在各自的生物地理区内独立演化,只有极少数能够穿越海洋、高山或沙漠等自然屏障而向外迁徙,全球物种之间处于某种自在的平衡状态。人类诞生后开始有意或无意地在各地间转移外来物种,其规模随着以交通运输技术进步为主要推动力的货物流和人员流的日益增长而扩大,少数转化为入侵种并带来巨大的环境、经济和健康等损失。外来物种入侵的历史可分为人类诞生前、早期、近代和当代4个阶段,其中人为因素占主导地位,人类应通过自身行为的主动调整,消除或减轻外来物种入侵的负面影响,在新的自然与社会背景下重建人与其他物种之间新的相对平衡关系。For millions of years most species had been evolving in their own biogeographical provinces while only few of them could migrate across natural barriers like oceans,mountains and deserts,which created a balance in itself among those species. Since the birth of human beings alien species have been intentionally or unintentionally transferred hither and thither on a larger and larger scale with the growth of cargoes and travelers driven mainly by the progresses of transport technology,few of which become invasive species causing huge environmental,economic and health losses. The history of alien species invasion includes pre-human,early,recent and present stages during which human factors play a key role. The humankind,therefore,should eliminate or mitigate the negative effects of invasive species through active adjustment of their behaviors,and then rebuild a new relative balance between humans and other species in a new natural and social context.

关 键 词：外来物种 入侵物种 生物入侵 历史 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]