母乳喂养中添加辅食的状况及影响过早添加辅食的因素分析  

Status of giving supplementary food during breast feeding and its influencing factors

作　　者：袁伟[1] 楼超华[1] 高尔生[1] 陶建国[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市计划生育科学研究所

出　　处：《生殖医学杂志》1999年第2期77-82,共6页Journal of Reproductive Medicine

基　　金：WHO/HRP资助项目

摘　　要：本研究运用对上海两个市区和两个郊县４０３０名产妇产后１５个月的随访资料，探讨婴儿辅食的添加规律（包括时间、原因、建议者）及影响过早添加辅食的可能因素。结果：（１）大部分婴儿在出生后都过早地添加了辅食，出生１～４个月添加辅食的概率分别为６７．００％、７９．２７％、８５．５８％和９２．５８％；（２）在各类辅食中，水和乳类辅食的开始添加时间最早，出生后１个月时已分别高达４５．２６％和４０．７２；（３）大部分辅食（水、果汁类和淀粉类）的添加原因主要是出于婴儿营养和健康的考虑，添加乳类辅食的主要原因则是母乳不足。添加辅食的建议者主要是婴儿的母亲本人，但乳母的父母和医务人员也起着一定的作用；（４）城镇户籍的母亲、接受过哺乳宣教和剖宫产是促使婴儿过早添加辅食的因素；进行哺乳咨询、查阅有关哺乳书籍、无从获得哺乳知识和女性婴儿是防止过早给婴儿添加辅食的因素。提示：纠正人们对添加辅食的错误认识，避免在婴儿未满４个月时过早添加辅食，是母乳喂养工作中的重点。Objective: To investigate the regulation for giving baby supplementary food such as the time, the reasons and the person who recommends; and the factors affecting early supplementation. Design: A cohort study. Setting: In 2 districts and 2 counties of Shanghai. Subjects: 4030 pregnant women who were in 34 gestational weeks who attended MCH/hospitals for antenatal examination. Results: (1)Most of infants were given supplementary food too early. The probabilities of giving baby supplementary food were 67.00%,79.27%, 85.58% and 92.58% at the end of the lst, 2nd, 3rd and 4th month after birth, respectively. (2)The time for giving water and milk was the earliest and the probabilities at the end of lst month after birth were 45.26% and 40.72% respectively. (3) Giving water, fruit juice and rice were mainly for the baby's health and nutrition, and giving milk was because of mothers' insufficient breast milk. Usually mother was the one who decided to give supplementary food sometimes/were the infant's grandmother/grandfather or medical staffs recommended. (4) The women who lived in city/town, ever accepted education on breast feeding and had caesarean operation were more likely to give baby supplementary food too early; women received counseling in breast feeding, reading related books,lack of knowledge of breast feeding and having a female baby were less likely to give baby supplementary food too early. Conclusion: To correct people's misunderstanding of supplemetary food giving and avoid to give baby under 4 months supplementary food are the keys to promote breast feeding.

关 键 词：母乳喂养 辅食 添加 影响因素 

分 类 号：R174.4[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]