三峡库区典型森林植被生态水文功能  

Eco-hydrological function of typical forest ecosystems in Three Gorges Reservoir area

作　　者：王云琦[1] 王玉杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第10期1892-1900,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A1802);国家林业局948资助项目(2007-04-01)

摘　　要：以三峡工程库区典型植被类型(针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、楠竹林、灌木林和农地)为研究对象,采用层次分析法建立森林生态水文功能层次结构模型,用综合评分法进行评价。结果表明:林冠层生态水文功能以灌木林作用最优(得分0.979),为其他乔木林的1.5～2倍。枯落物层以灌木林作用最优(得分1),楠竹林最差(0.422)。土壤层仍以灌木林作用最优(得分0.921),楠竹林最差(0.313);农地是由立地条件一致的灌木林改造8年而来,农地土壤的生态水文功能相对于灌木林地土壤下降了近一半。森林生态系统总体生态水文功能表现为灌木林(得分0.95)>针阔混交林(0.52),常绿阔叶林(0.53)>楠竹林(0.37)>农田(0.33)。可以推断,三峡库区典型林分中,灌木林生态水文功能最优,楠竹林最差,森林的生态水文功能是农地的1.12～2.9倍。This paper studied the eco-hydrological function of typical forest ecosystems （mixed conifer and broadleaf forest ecosystem,evergreen broadleaved forest ecosystem,Phyllostachys pubescens forest ecosystem,and shrub ecosystem） in Three Gorges Reservoir area,taking cropland ecosystem as the control. The method of analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was applied to establish the eco-hydrological hierarchy function model,and integrative grades were employed to give evaluation. For the canopy layer,shrub had the best eco-hydrological function （score = 0.979）,being 1.5-2 times as high as other forest stands. For litter layer,the best eco-hydrological function also occurred in shrub （score = 1）,and the worst was in P. pubescens forest （0.422）. For the soil layer,shrub still performed the optimal eco-hydrological function （score = 0.921）,and P. pubescens forest was still the worst （0.313）. The cropland was reconstructed from the shrub land. Though the cropland and the shrub land had the same site condition,the eco-hydrological function of cropland ecosystem descended by about 50% after eight years of crop management. The final integrative evaluation showed that the eco-hydrological function of the test ecosystems was in the order of shrub （score = 0.95） mixed conifer-broadleaf forest （0.52） and evergreen broadleaved forest （0.53） P. pubescens forest （0.37） cropland （0.33）,suggesting that in Three Gorges Reservoir area,shrub ecosystem had the optimal eco-hydrological function,and the P. pubescens forest ecosystem was the worst. The eco-hydrological function of forest ecosystems was 1.12-2.9 times as high as the cropland ecosystem.

关 键 词：三峡库区 森林生态系统 生态水文功能 评价 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]