快速跑完整步态中下肢肌肉的应力变化及肌肉功能探讨  

Single-Muscular Stress Variation and Muscle Function of Lower-limb in the Integral Gait of Sprint Running

作　　者：钟运健[1,2] 刘宇[2] 裘艺 魏书涛[2] 李庆[4] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学教育学院体育系,江西南昌330031 [2]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438 [3]江西体育科学研究所,江西南昌330019 [4]清华大学体育部,北京100084

出　　处：《体育科学》2010年第10期30-35,61,共7页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30871210);上海科委项目(08490512700)

摘　　要：目的:量化快速跑过程中下肢各关节力矩和各单块肌肉(群)肌应力的变化规律及其对快速跑动作所起的作用。方法:同步采集8名优秀短跑运动员途中跑时完整步态下肢运动学数据(300Hz)、地面反作用力(1200Hz)数据和肌电图(120Hz)信号,建立下肢肌肉-骨骼系统模型,应用中尺度序列二次规划拟牛顿线性搜索算法将快速跑时关节肌力矩优化并求解单块肌肉应力。结果:最优化算法所估算的快速跑时下肢冗余肌力变化与快速跑时肌电全波整流图存在一定程度上的相似。支撑期,臀大肌、腘绳肌、比目鱼肌和腓肠肌应力水平较高。摆动前期,髂肌、股四头肌群(股直肌)、股二头肌短头和腓肠肌为主要做功肌肉。摆动后期,只有臀大肌和腘绳肌活动积极。双关节肌腘绳肌、股直肌和腓肠肌在各时期的应力值均高于其他做功肌肉,且在整个步态中的应力峰值也显著高于其他肌肉。结论:下肢双关节肌腘绳肌、股直肌和腓肠肌受两个关节复杂的交互作用导致应力值偏高,在快速跑时被拉伤风险较大。此优化算法为了解快速跑时下肢单块肌肉力量变化提供了更为精确的方法,进而为分析快速跑肌肉功能和为专项力量训练的科学化及防止肌肉拉伤提供了生物力学依据。Objective： Quantify the variations in lower-limb joints torque and monoliphic muscles stress in sprint running and its influence on sprint running. Methods ： Eight excellent sprinters ＇ two-dimensional kinetic data （300 Hz）, the data of the ground＇s counterforce （1 200 Hz） and the electromyography signal （120 Hz） are collected in integral gait in their maximum velocity sprint running in order to build a lower-limb musculoskeletal model. In addition, mesoscale sequential quadratic programming pseudo-newton for linear search algorithm is used to optimize the muscle torque in sprint running, thereby working out monoliphic muscles stress. Results：In sprint running, the variation of lower-limb redundant muscle strength is similar to the full-wave rectification of EMG. And during the support phase, a higher level of stress e- merges in such muscles as GM, HAM （except for BFsh）, SOL and GAS. During the earlier stage of swing phase, it is mainly such muscles as IL, VAS （except for RF）, RF, BFsh and GAS that do work. During the later period of swing phase, only HAM and GM are active. It also shows that during every phase the stress value of such two-joint muscles as HAM, RF and GAS is higher than that of the other muscles that do work, and in the integral gait their peak value of stress is higher than that of the other muscles. Conclusion：The complex interac- tion between two joints results in a high stress value of such lower-limb two-joint muscles as HAM, RF and GAS, which leads to a high risk of pulling a muscle in sprint running. The arithmetic of optimization provides a biomechanical basis for a further study on muscle functions in sprint running from the perspective of monoliphic muscle, scientific specific strength training and prevention of pulling a muscle.

关 键 词：快速跑 冗余肌肉应力 静态优化 肌肉功能 双关节肌 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]