舟山群岛不同底质潮间带夏季大型底栖动物的群落结构特征  

Macrobenthic animals community characters in summer in the intertidal zones of Zhoushan Archipelago,Zhejiang,China

作　　者：朱四喜[1] 周唯[2] 章飞军[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋学院海洋科学学院浙江省海洋养殖装备与工程技术重点实验室,浙江舟山316004 [2]浙江大学软件学院,浙江宁波315103 [3]浙江海洋学院水产学院,浙江舟山316004

出　　处：《海洋学研究》2010年第3期23-33,共11页Journal of Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2007BAD43B00);国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2006AA100304);海洋渔业科学与技术浙江省重中之重学科开放课题资助项目(20100125);浙江省教育厅资助项目(Y200803884)

摘　　要：2006年7—8月,对舟山群岛12个岛屿的不同底质潮间带设置的14条断面进行了大型底栖动物群落结构特征的调查,并进行了相似性群落聚类分析、非参数多维标序(nMDS)及丰度/生物量比较ABC曲线分析。结果显示,采集到的大型底栖动物共69种,其中软体动物39种、节肢动物20种、腔肠动物4种、环节动物3种,脊索动物3种。优势种为珠带拟蟹守螺Cerithidea cingulata、泥螺Bullacta exarata、紫贻贝Mytilus edulis、日本大眼蟹Macrophthalmus japonicus、日本笠藤壶Tetr-aclita japonica和沙蚕Nereis succinea。14条潮间带断面大型底栖动物的平均生物量为1 941.96g/m2,平均丰度为1 663个/m2,多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J′)和丰富度指数(D)平均值分别为1.910,0.749,1.815。与20世纪80—90年代相比,舟山海域潮间带大型底栖动物种类数急剧下降,优势种也有所变化,但其生物量与多样性指数变化不大。舟山群岛潮间带大型底栖动物可划分为2个群落,即岩相断面群和泥沙滩断面群。泥沙滩断面的底栖动物群落已受到扰动,群落稳定性下降,而岩礁断面生态环境好于泥沙滩断面,底栖动物群落尚未受到扰动。舟山海域潮间带底栖动物群落结构发生变化的主要原因是滩涂围垦、水产养殖与海岸工程等人为干扰作用。The ecological investigation of species diversity of the macrobenthic animals was carried out for the intertidal zones of Zhoushan Archipelago from July to August 2006,and quantitative samples were collected from 14 sections in the intertidal zones of twelve inhabited islands.Diversity index,hierarchical cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling（nMDS） were used to analyze statistically the species diversity and community composition with software SPSS16.0 and Primer V6.0.69 species of macrobenthic animal were obtained,in which 39 species of Mollusca,20 species of Arthropoda,4 species of Coelenterata,3 species of Chordata and 3 species of Annelida.The species,whose number was over 10% of the total were Tetraclita japonica,Bullacta exarata,Cerithidea cingulata and Mytilus edulis.And 14 species such as Nereis succinea,Macrophthalmus japonicus and Batillaria cumingi had the percentage of 1% and 10%.As for their vertical distribution,the species that adapted to drought were predominant in the high tide zones,and 38 species were found with B.exarata,C.cingulata and M.japonicas being the most common ones.46 species were found in the middle tide zones,with Molluscs and Arthropoda in the lead,and T.japonica,M.longipes and B.exarata etc being the common species.40 species were found in the low tide zones,the density was relatively low and their distribution was asymmetric.For the horizontal distribution,7 to 17 species were found in the muddy tide zones,with B.exarata,C.cingulata,Nereis sp.and M.japonicus etc being the common species.In the rocky tide zones,14 to 23 species were found,with M.edulis,Turb articulatus and T.japonica etc being the common species.The dominant species were T.japonica,B.exarata,C.cingulata,M.edulis,Nereis succinea and M.japonicus,which is different from those in 1980s and 1990s in this area,when the dominant species were Cellana toreuma,Thais clavigera and Littorina brevicula etc.For most of the sampling sections Mollusca had the largest biomass and abundance,Arthropods the nex

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 群落结构 多样性 潮间带 舟山群岛 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]