控制高毒农药在预防农村急性农药中毒中的意义  

Effects of controlling specific dangerous pesticides on prevention of acute pesticide poisoning in rural area

作　　者：张平[1] 赵江霞[1] 常秀丽[1] 周志俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院/教育部公共卫生安全重点实验室/WHO职业卫生合作中心,上海200032

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2010年第9期641-644,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目（2006AB106801）;上海市公共卫生重点学科建设项目（08GWZX0303）;上海市学科带头人培养计划（08GWD20）

摘　　要：目的 探讨控制危害最大的农药在预防农村急性农药中毒中所起的作用.方法 通过对某省某县医院既往中毒病例的分析,发现在农村中最易发生中毒的特危农药,假设在控制这些农药后,估测生产性农药中毒的发生和非生产性农药中毒病死率的变化趋势.结果 对硫磷（含甲基对硫磷）是某省某县引起生产性农药中毒危害最大的农药,在控制了对硫磷农药的使用之后,生产性农药中毒危害的大小[生产性农药中毒的例数（A）与非生产性农药中毒的例数（B）的比值]由控制前的0.63下降为0.32,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.对硫磷同样是引起非生产性农药中毒危害最大的农药,其病死率高达15.8%.在控制了对硫磷的获得之后,非生产性农药中毒的整体病死率由9.4%下降至7.4%.文献资料的分析也得到了类似的结果.结论 若控制了危害最大的农药就能明显减少生产性农药中毒的发生和降低非生产性农药中毒的病死率.Objective To investigate the effects of controlling the specific dangerous pesticides on prevention of acute pesticide poisoning in rural area. Methods The data of reported cases of pesticide poisoning were analyzed to find out the specific dangerous pesticide in acute pesticide poisoning. Then the occurrence of occupational pesticide poisoning and fatality of non-occupational pesticide poisoning were estimated under the hypothesis of removing the specific dangerous pesticides. Results The data indicated that parathion （including methyl parathion） was the specific dangerous pesticide inducing occupational pesticide poisoning.After removing the use of parathion, the hazard of pesticides which caused occupational pesticide poisoning would be significantly decreased（P〈0.01 ）. Parathion was also the most dangerous pesticide which caused nonoccupational pesticide poisoning, with its fatality up to 15.8%. If parathion was well controlled, the fatality of non-occupational pesticide poisoning would be declined from 9.4% to 7.4%. The analyses of related literatures also revealed the similar results. Conclusion The occurrence of occupational pesticide poisoning and fatality of non-occupational pesticide poisoning may decrease if the most dangerous pesticides are well supervised.

关 键 词：农药 中毒 职业卫生 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]