商务印书馆与私营出版业的社会主义改造  

Socialist Transformation of the Commercial Press and the Private Publishing Industry

作　　者：杨凤城[1] 张春燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学中共党史系,主任教授北京100872 [2]中国人民大学

出　　处：《中共党史研究》2010年第10期34-43,共10页CPC History Studies

基　　金：中国人民大学科学基金项目《1949-1956年私营出版业社会主义改造》(08XNH049)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：新中国建立前后,以商务印书馆为代表的私营出版企业普遍面临困境。对此,在"合理调整工商业"的政策背景下,1950年商务印书馆通过实行出版与发行分工、接受国家加工订货、调整出版方向等举措,开始了整顿和初步改造;过渡时期总路线提出后,商务印书馆率先实现全面公私合营,运营机制发生根本性变化,完成了企业的国家化。商务印书馆的改造历程极具代表性,并体现了私营出版业的特点和时代的变幻。Overall, the private publishing companies represented by the Commercial Press found themselves in a tight corner around the founding of New China. In these circumstances the government adopted the policy of ＂reasonably adjusting the industrial and commercial policies. ＂ Against this background, the Commercial Press started consolidation and initial transformation in 1950： publication was separated from distribution, accepting orders from the state for processing materials and supplying manufactured goods and adjusting the orientation of publica- tion. After the general line for the transition period was put forward the Commercial Press took the lead to accom- plish all-round public-private operation, fundamental changes took place in its operating system and it became a state enterprise. The Commercial Press was highly typical in its transformation and reflected the features of private publishing enterprises and fluctuations of the times.

关 键 词：商务印书馆 社会主义改造 私营出版业 公私合营 

分 类 号：G239.22-F[文化科学] F121.1[经济管理—世界经济]