人参根系分泌物对4种药用植物的化感作用研究  

Allelopathic Effects of Ginseng Root Exudates on Four Medicinal Plants

作　　者：雷锋杰[1] 张爱华[1] 方斯文[1] 张连学[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学中药材学院,长春130118

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2010年第19期140-144,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划子课题"西洋参主要病害生物防治技术研究"(2006BAI09B04-02;2007BAI38B01);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金"人参;西洋参化感作用及其活性成分研究"(20050193005)

摘　　要：采用灭菌复合基质栽培人参,对人参根系分泌物进行原位收集,依次用水和甲醇提取人参根系分泌物,合并后用乙酸乙酯萃取分为水相和乙酸乙酯相2部分,设计不同浓度,采用室内培养,研究其对4种药用植物种子萌发和胚轴、鲜重的化感作用。结果表明,人参根系分泌物对4种药用植物种子的化感作用是有差异的。其中对大黄和水飞蓟种子萌发具有不同程度的抑制作用,降低了种子的α-淀粉酶活性。对大黄下胚轴和鲜重表现为高浓度抑制中低浓度促进。对水飞蓟种子上下胚轴和鲜重表现为水相促进乙酸乙酯相抑制。人参根系分泌物水相中低浓度促进而高浓度抑制牛蒡种子的萌发和种子α-淀粉酶的活性。乙酸乙酯相抑制牛蒡种子萌发和种子α-淀粉酶的活性。水相促进下胚轴的伸长,乙酸乙酯相抑制下胚轴的伸长,与对牛蒡鲜重的影响是一致的。人参根系分泌物水相高中浓度抑制白花草木犀种子的萌发,而低浓度促进其萌发。乙酸乙酯相高中浓度时促进白花草木犀种子的萌发,低浓度抑制种子的萌发,这与对种子α-淀粉酶活性影响基本一致。人参根系分泌物抑制下胚轴的伸长和鲜重的增加。因此,人参根系分泌物对4种药用植物具有不同程度的化感作用,并且化感作用与化感物质浓度密切相关,种子萌发与种子α-淀粉酶的活性,种子鲜重与下胚轴伸长有密切关系。To evaluate the allelopathic effects of ginseng root exudates on seed germination of four important medicinal plants. Adopted complex sterile matrix substrate to cultivate ginseng, ginseng root exudates were collected in situ. The ginseng root exudates were extracted with water and MeOH, divided into the aqueous extracts and the ethyl acetate extracts two parts with ethyl acetate extract. The allelopathic effects of ginseng root exudates on seed germination, hypocotyls length and fresh weight of four medicinal plants over a range of extract concentrations were studied in vitro. Results showed that the allelopathic effects of ginseng root exudates on four medicinal plants were different. Ginseng root exudates had inhibitory action on seed germination of the rhubarb and milk thistle, in varying degree, decreased α-amylase activity in seed. Ginseng root exudates had inhibitory effects at higher concentrations but at low to medium concentrations. They had stimulatory effects on the fresh weight and hypocotyls length of rhubarb. Aqueous extracts had stimulatory effects while ethyl acetate extracts had inhibitory effects on the fresh weight and hypocotyls length of milk thistle. The burdock seed germination and seed α-amylase activity increased at low to medium concentrations while decreased at high concentrations of aqueous extracts. The burdock seed germination and seed α-amylase activity decreased with ethyl acetate extracts. Aqueous extracts had inhibitory effects while ethyl acetate extracts had inhibitory effects on hypocotyl length and fresh weight of burdock. Aqueous extracts had inhibitory effects at medium to high concentrations while at low concentrations they had stimulatory effects on seed germination and α-amylase activity of white sweetclover. Ethyl acetate extracts had stimulatory effects at medium to high concentrations while at low concentrations they had inhibitory effects on seed germination and α-amylase activity of white sweetclover. Ginseng root exudates had inhibitory effects on hypocotyl l

关 键 词：人参根系分泌物 化感作用 种子萌发 α-淀粉酶的活性 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]