成体干细胞向类许旺细胞诱导分化研究进展  

The development of adult stem cells differentiated to a Schwann cell-like phenotype

作　　者：王晓盼[1] 沈尊理[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学附属第一人民医院整形外科,上海200080

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2010年第18期3560-3563,3588,共5页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30872630)

摘　　要：周围神经损伤修复的黄金标准是自体神经移植,但由于遗留供区部位感觉功能障碍及可供移植神经数量有限,致使该项技术在临床上的应用受到限制,组织工程学的发展为此提供了一种新的解决途径。许旺细胞是周围神经组织工程重要的种子细胞,在神经再生过程中发挥重要作用,移植许旺细胞修复周围神经损伤有广阔的应用前景,但异体移植常面临免疫排斥反应,这些均导致了许旺细胞作为周围神经组织工程的种子细胞在临床应用中受到限制。近年来,随着对具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的间充质干细胞的深入研究,为组织工程化人工神经种子细胞的发展提出新的思路,本文将各种成体干细胞作为许旺细胞的替代细胞的研究进展作一综述。For peripheral nerve repair,the current golden standard is autologous nerve grafting.This method inevitably results in nerve defects at donor sites and only a limited amount of nerve grafts can be harvested.By the development of tissue engineering,Cell transplantation in a bioartificial conduit is an alternative strategy to create a favourable environment for nerve regeneration,which is demonstrated by several reports.Schwann cells（SCs）into the conduits would significantly promote peripheral nerve repair.After periph-eral nerve injury,SCs proliferate and remove axon debris along with macrophages and they also produce various neurotrophic factors to promote and guide axon growth in the distal nerve stumps.Despite showing regeneration enhancement,SCs have limited clinical applica-tions by donor site morbidity and the inability to generate a sufficient number of cells quickly.Cultured SCs,is a final phase cell that have restricted mitotic activity in vitro,so the time required to expand the cells would delay treatment.Also,availability of genetically modi-fied Schwann cells to immortalized lines,secreted factors contribute to neural repair capacity was significantly decreased,and there may be tumorigenic.However,recent studies indicate that tissue-specific stem cells are capable of differentiating into cells of other tissues.In-terestingly,mesenchymal stem or rogenitor cells in blood and tissue can be expanded to differentiate into several types of cells,including adipocytes,chondrocytes,osteocytes,myocytes,astrocytes,and neurons,which propose new ideas for the development of the seed cell of tissue engineered bioartificial：Whether these stem cells as a new seed cells in appropriate conditions to induce differentiation to a Schwann cell-like phenotype？ This article will give a review about the development of adult stem cells differentiated to a Schwann cell-like phenotype.

关 键 词：周围神经损伤 成体干细胞 许旺细胞 神经修复因子 神经再生 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学] Q813